AQA GCSE HISTORY 8145/1A/B PAPER 1 SECTION A/B: GERMANY, 1890–1945: DEMOCRACY AND DICTATORSHIP MARK SCHEME JUNE 2024

AQA GCSE HISTORY Paper 1 Section A/B: Germany,
1890–1945: Democracy and dictatorship MAY 2024
Combined Question Paper and Mark Scheme
DerhFührer,hthehall-powerfulhsupremehleaderhofhGermanyh(dictator).h-
hByhwhathtermhwashHitlerhknownhashinhGermany,hduringhtheh1930s/1940s?




Hehwashangered,handhwouldhforcehthemhtohaccepththehideashandhbeliefs.h-
hHowhdidhHitlerhfeelhabouthsomehGerman'shunwillingnesshtohaccepthNazihideashandhbeliefs

?

Tohbothhprotecththemhandhmakeharehpeoplehdohwhaththeyharehtoldh(enforcehthehlaw).h-
hWhyhdohdictatorshneedhahlargehpolicehforce?




Ahcountryhwherehthehpoliceharehveryhpowerfulhandhhavehmuchhinfluence.h-
hWhathdidhithmeanhtohbehahpolicehstate?




Concentrationhcampshwerehlargehprisonshwhereh'enemieshofhthehstate'hcouldhbehheldhforhan
yhtime.hManyhwerehsethuphwhenhHitlerhcamehtohpower.

Theyhwerehtoh'correct'hpeoplehwhohwenthagainsththehNazihpractice,hbeliefshandhideas.hAnyo
nehwhohdidn'thlikehthehNazishwerehsenththere:hJews,hGypsies,hpoliticalhopponentsh(Commu
nists)handhanyonehwhohcriticisedhHitler.hInmateshwerehforcedhtohworkhhard,hmanyhwerehtort
uredhandhsomehworkedhtohdeath.h-
hHowhwereh'concentrationhcamps'hofhthehNazihpolicehstatehsupposedlyhtohhelphkeephGerma

nyhinhcontrol?

TheyhwerehHitler'shpersonalhbodyguards.hLedhbyhHeinrichhHimmler,htheyhsoonhbecamehthe
hmosthfearedhorganisationhinhthehcountry.




SShmembershwerehtall,hstrong,hathletichandhtotallyhloyalhtohHitler.hIfhanyonehwerehtohoppose
hHitler,hthesehmenhwouldhsurelyhstophandhpunishhthem.




OvertimehthehSShwashsplithintohthree:
ThehSDh(Sicherheitsdienst)hwhichhlookedhafterhsecurity.hTheyhcouldharresthanyonehforhanyh
reason,hsearchhpeopleshhomeshandhseizehproperty.hTheyhevenhspiedhandhpolicedhonhthehN
azihPartyhitself.

ThehWaffenhSShwerehanhelitehunithinhtheharmy.

ThehDeath'shHeadhUnithranhthehconcentrationhcamps,handhlater,hthehdeathhcamps.h-
hHowhwashtheh'SShorhSchutzstaffel'hofhthehNazihpolicehstatehsupposedlyhtohhelphkeephGerm

anyhinhcontrol?

, Theyhwerehthehsecrethpolice.hTheyhwerehplainhclothedhofficershthathspiedhonhpeoplehtheyhth
oughthmayhbehahthreat.hTheyhtappedhtelephonehcallshandhopenedhmail.

Theyhhadhpowerhtoharrest,himprisonhwithouthtrial,handhtorturehanyone.

Theyhsethuphahhugehnetworkhofh'informers'hwhohreportedhanyonehwhohmoaned/spokehillhofh
Hitler.
Theyhencouragedhchildrenhtohreporththeirhparentshandhteachers.

Therehweren'thmanyhGestapohofficers,hhoweverhbecausehpeoplehdidn'thknowhwhohtheyhwer
e,hordinaryhGermanshinformedhonheachhotherhbecausehtheyhthoughhthehordinaryhGestapoh
wouldhprobablyhfindhouthanyway.h-
hHowhwerehtheh'Gestapo'hofhthehNazihpolicehstatehsupposedlyhtohhelphkeephGermanyhinhcon

trol?

Thehpolicehcarriedhonhashnormal,hbuthignoredhcrimeshcommittedhbyhNazis.

AllhtophjobshinhdefencehandhpolicehwenthtohNazis.

ThehlawhcourtshandhjudgeshwerehunderhNazihcontrolhtoo.hNewhlawshmeanththaththehdeathhp
enaltyhcouldhbehgivenhfor,hamonghotherhthings,htellinghanhanti-
Hitlerhjoke,hhavinghsexhwithhahJewhandhlisteninghtohahforeignhradiohstation.h-
hHowhdidhtheh'regularhpolicehandhthehlawhcourts'hof hthehNazihpolicehstatehsupposedlyhhelphk

eephGermanyhinhcontrol?

HeinrichhHimmler,hthehheadhofhthehSS.h-
hWhichhleadinghNazihwashinhcontrolhofhallhpolicehforceshinhNazihGermany?




HehwashtohmanagehallhpolicehforceshandhfeedbackhtohHitler.h-
hWhathwashthehjobhofhHimmler?




Propagandahandhcensorship.h-
hWhathwerehthehtwohmethodshofhcontrolhthathHitlerhusedhtohensurehthathhehkepththehcontinue

dhsupporthofhGermans?

JosephhGoebbelsh(MinisterhofhEnlightenmenthandhPropaganda).h-
hWhohwashthehleaderhofhNazihpropaganda?




HitlerhwantedhtohpersuadehlargehnumbershofhgermanshtohthinkhandhbelievehwhathHitlerhwant
edhthemhtohthinkhandhbelieve.h-
hWhyhdidhHitlerhappointhGoebbelshashMinisterhofhEnlightenmenthandhPropaganda?




Hehunderstoodhthathpropagandahworkedhbethifhpeoplehwerehrepeatedlyhgivenhsomehbasichi
deashwithhshorthmessageshandhpowerfulhimages.h-
hHowhdidhGoebbelshusehpropagandahtohfulfilhHitler'shdesire?