Laboratory Manual in Physical Geology
Vocabulary: Lab 8
1) Disconformities
2) Angular unconformity
3) Nonconformity - correct answersWhat are the three kinds of unconformities?
1) Eon of time (longest unit)
2) Era of time
3) Period of time
4) Epoch of time
5) Age of time
6) Chronology of time - correct answersCorresponding geologic time units
Absolute age dating - correct answersProcess of determining when something formed
or happened in exact units of time such as days, months or years. Ex: Younger brother
by saying he is 3 years younger than me
Amphibians - correct answersThe group of vertebrate animals that includes frogs and
salamanders
Angular unconformity - correct answersIs an unconformity between two sets of strata
that are not parallel to one another
Brachiopods - correct answersMarine invertebrate animals with two symmetrical
seashells of unequal size. They range throughout the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and
Cenozoic Eras, but they were most abundant in the Paleozoic Era. Only a few species
exist today, so they are nearly extinct
Contacts - correct answersSurfaces between of any kind of units
Daughter isotope - correct answersThe stable isotope produced by the radioactive
decay of the parent isotope
Decay pair - correct answersA parent isotope and its corresponding daughter isotope
Decay pair formula - correct answersTo determine the age of an object; percent of
atoms that is parent atoms and daughter atoms must be measure with mass
spectrometer; then find the number of half-lives that have elapsed and the object's
corresponding age in number of half-lives. Finally, half-life for that decay pair
, Dinosaurs - correct answersOnly found in Mesozoic rocks, so they are an index fossil
for the Mesozoic and its subdivisions
Disconformity - correct answersAn unconformity between parallel strata or lava flows;
most are irregular surfaces and pieces of the underlying rock are often included in the
strata above them
Dry holes - correct answersWells that produce no petroleum
Formations - correct answersMappable units; can be subdivided into "members"-
individual strata
Fossils - correct answersAny evidence of ancient life
Geologic record - correct answersThe division of Earth's history into time periods,
grouped into three eons—Archaean, Proterozoic, and Phanerozoic—and further
subdivided into eras, periods, and epochs. Has youngest being on top and getting older
as it goes down by layers
Geologic time scale - correct answersA chart of named intervals of the geologic record
and their ages in both relative and absolute time
Half-life - correct answersThe time required for one half of the atoms of a radioisotope
to emit radiation an decay products
Inclusion - correct answersUsually a rock fragment, crystal, or fossil that follows the law
of inclusions
Index fossil - correct answersOrganism whose range zones have been used to
represent named divisions of the geologic time scale
Isotopes - correct answersAn element are atoms that have the same number of protons
and electrons but different number of neutrons
Law of Cross-Cutting - correct answersAny feature that cuts across a rock or body of
sediment must be older than the rock or sediment that cuts across; such features
include fractures (cracks in rock), faults (fractures along which movement has
occurred), or masses of magma that cut across pre-existing rocks before they cooled.
When a body of magma intrudes pre-existing rocks, a narrow zone of metamorphism
usually form in the pre-existing rocks adjacent to the intrusion
Law of Inclusions - correct answersAny piece of rock (clast) that has become included
in another rock or body of sediment must be older than the rock or sediment which it
has been incorporated; such a clast is called an inclusion. The surrounding body of rock
is called the matrix. An inclusion is older than its surrounding matrix
Vocabulary: Lab 8
1) Disconformities
2) Angular unconformity
3) Nonconformity - correct answersWhat are the three kinds of unconformities?
1) Eon of time (longest unit)
2) Era of time
3) Period of time
4) Epoch of time
5) Age of time
6) Chronology of time - correct answersCorresponding geologic time units
Absolute age dating - correct answersProcess of determining when something formed
or happened in exact units of time such as days, months or years. Ex: Younger brother
by saying he is 3 years younger than me
Amphibians - correct answersThe group of vertebrate animals that includes frogs and
salamanders
Angular unconformity - correct answersIs an unconformity between two sets of strata
that are not parallel to one another
Brachiopods - correct answersMarine invertebrate animals with two symmetrical
seashells of unequal size. They range throughout the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and
Cenozoic Eras, but they were most abundant in the Paleozoic Era. Only a few species
exist today, so they are nearly extinct
Contacts - correct answersSurfaces between of any kind of units
Daughter isotope - correct answersThe stable isotope produced by the radioactive
decay of the parent isotope
Decay pair - correct answersA parent isotope and its corresponding daughter isotope
Decay pair formula - correct answersTo determine the age of an object; percent of
atoms that is parent atoms and daughter atoms must be measure with mass
spectrometer; then find the number of half-lives that have elapsed and the object's
corresponding age in number of half-lives. Finally, half-life for that decay pair
, Dinosaurs - correct answersOnly found in Mesozoic rocks, so they are an index fossil
for the Mesozoic and its subdivisions
Disconformity - correct answersAn unconformity between parallel strata or lava flows;
most are irregular surfaces and pieces of the underlying rock are often included in the
strata above them
Dry holes - correct answersWells that produce no petroleum
Formations - correct answersMappable units; can be subdivided into "members"-
individual strata
Fossils - correct answersAny evidence of ancient life
Geologic record - correct answersThe division of Earth's history into time periods,
grouped into three eons—Archaean, Proterozoic, and Phanerozoic—and further
subdivided into eras, periods, and epochs. Has youngest being on top and getting older
as it goes down by layers
Geologic time scale - correct answersA chart of named intervals of the geologic record
and their ages in both relative and absolute time
Half-life - correct answersThe time required for one half of the atoms of a radioisotope
to emit radiation an decay products
Inclusion - correct answersUsually a rock fragment, crystal, or fossil that follows the law
of inclusions
Index fossil - correct answersOrganism whose range zones have been used to
represent named divisions of the geologic time scale
Isotopes - correct answersAn element are atoms that have the same number of protons
and electrons but different number of neutrons
Law of Cross-Cutting - correct answersAny feature that cuts across a rock or body of
sediment must be older than the rock or sediment that cuts across; such features
include fractures (cracks in rock), faults (fractures along which movement has
occurred), or masses of magma that cut across pre-existing rocks before they cooled.
When a body of magma intrudes pre-existing rocks, a narrow zone of metamorphism
usually form in the pre-existing rocks adjacent to the intrusion
Law of Inclusions - correct answersAny piece of rock (clast) that has become included
in another rock or body of sediment must be older than the rock or sediment which it
has been incorporated; such a clast is called an inclusion. The surrounding body of rock
is called the matrix. An inclusion is older than its surrounding matrix
