CSCC Physiology Lecture Exam 4
UPDATED Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
In addition to eliminating wastes, what are 6 other homeostatic functions of the kidney? -
CORRECT ANSWER - fluid volume, blood volume & pressure, serum electrolyte
concentrations, blood pH, erythropiesis and nutrients.
Identify 4 nutrients regulated by the kidney. - CORRECT ANSWER - glucose, amino
acids, calcium and vitamin D.
Identify 4 examples of nitrogenous wastes. - CORRECT ANSWER - creatinine, ammonia,
urea and uric acid.
Why are nephrons the functional unit of the kidney? - CORRECT ANSWER - They are
the smallest unit that can make urine.
List the parts of the nephron in the order that fluid passes through them - CORRECT
ANSWER - Renal corpuscle (golmerulus, bowman's capsule) > PCT (proximal convoluted
tubule) > Loop of Henle > DCT (distal convoluted tubule) > Collecting tubule.
Renal corpuscles are in the superficial/outer cortex. - CORRECT ANSWER - Cortical
nephrons.
Renal corpuscles are in the deeper/inner cortex. - CORRECT ANSWER - Juxtamendullary
nephrons
Have long loops of Henle. - CORRECT ANSWER - Cortical nephrons.
Have short loops of Henle. - CORRECT ANSWER - Juxamendullary nephrons.
,What four structures comprise the renal tubule? - CORRECT ANSWER - Bowman's
capsule > PCT > loop of Henle > DCT
Which structure filtrates the blood? - CORRECT ANSWER - Glomerulus.
Which structure funnels filtrate? - CORRECT ANSWER - Bowman's capsule.
Describe "reabsorption" and indicate the correct direction (filtrate to urine? Filtrate to blood?) -
CORRECT ANSWER - Reabsorb the "good stuff" (nutrients, electrolytes, water) from
filtrate and turn it to blood. (filtrate to blood).
Describe "secretion" and indicate the correct direction. - CORRECT ANSWER - Secrete
(letting things so) wastes into urine to be excreted as urine.
List four examples of nitrogenous wastes. - CORRECT ANSWER - Creatine, ammonia,
urea, uric acid.
Identify the correct pathway of blood flow through the kidney. - CORRECT ANSWER -
Renal artery > Afferent arteriole > Glomerular capillaries > Efferent arteriole > Peritubular
capillaries > Renal vein.
Identify the correct pathway of fluid flow through the nephron. - CORRECT ANSWER -
Glomerular capsule > PCT > Descending limb of the loop of Henle > Ascending limb of the loop
of Henle > DCT.
List 3 basic renal processes. - CORRECT ANSWER - Filtration (Glomerulus & Bowman's
Capsule)
Reabsorption (Substances move from tubules to peritubule capillaries)
,Secretion (substances move from the peritubular capillaries).
Identify 3 structural modifications that enhance membrane permeability at the glomerulus. -
CORRECT ANSWER - Fenstrated endothelium, Permeable basement membrane and
Podocytes.
Fenestrated. - CORRECT ANSWER - Lots of holes in the lining.
Podocytes. - CORRECT ANSWER - Cells playing "footsie" with each other. (loosely
associated)
Identify 2 variables that affect GFR. - CORRECT ANSWER - Membrane permeability and
surface area.
Filtrate. - CORRECT ANSWER - The fluid that is pushed out of the glomerulus to the
Bowman's capsule is called filtrate.
Compare the composition of filtrate to the composition of blood. - CORRECT ANSWER -
Composition of filtrate=blood plasma.
How does the changing of blood pressure and volume affect glomerular filtration rate in a
healthy individual? - CORRECT ANSWER - No change.
What would be the effects if GFR increases? (is too fast) - CORRECT ANSWER -
Reabsorption is decreased.
What would be the effects of decreased GFR? (is too slow) - CORRECT ANSWER -
Reabsorption is increased.
List 3 mechanisms for regulating GFR. - CORRECT ANSWER - Myogenic Constriction
Mechanism, Tubuloglomerular Feedback and Renin Angiotensin System.
, What of the 3 regulation GFR mechanisms are "autoregulation"? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Myogenic Constriction Mechanism and Rubuloglomerular Feedback.
Which of the 3 regulation GFR mechanisms consists of hormones that also regulate the systemic
blood pressure? - CORRECT ANSWER - Renin Angiotensin System.
How do the afferent arterioles respond to an increase in systemic blood pressure? - CORRECT
ANSWER - They constrict.
How do the afferent arterioles respond to decreased systemic blood flow? - CORRECT
ANSWER - They dilate.
Explain how the myogenic constriction mechanism protects the kidney and its blood vessels
from changes in systemic blood pressure. - CORRECT ANSWER - Renal auto regulation.
What are signs of moderate hypothermia? - CORRECT ANSWER - Shivering.
What sign of moderate hypothermia is absent in profound hypothermia? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Shivering.
Describe the juxtaglomerular apparatus. - CORRECT ANSWER - "Next to the
glomerulus".
What 2 parts of the nephron meet at the JGA? - CORRECT ANSWER - DCT and afferent
arteriole.
Which part of the nephron acts as a "receptor"? - CORRECT ANSWER - Afferent
arteriole.
UPDATED Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
In addition to eliminating wastes, what are 6 other homeostatic functions of the kidney? -
CORRECT ANSWER - fluid volume, blood volume & pressure, serum electrolyte
concentrations, blood pH, erythropiesis and nutrients.
Identify 4 nutrients regulated by the kidney. - CORRECT ANSWER - glucose, amino
acids, calcium and vitamin D.
Identify 4 examples of nitrogenous wastes. - CORRECT ANSWER - creatinine, ammonia,
urea and uric acid.
Why are nephrons the functional unit of the kidney? - CORRECT ANSWER - They are
the smallest unit that can make urine.
List the parts of the nephron in the order that fluid passes through them - CORRECT
ANSWER - Renal corpuscle (golmerulus, bowman's capsule) > PCT (proximal convoluted
tubule) > Loop of Henle > DCT (distal convoluted tubule) > Collecting tubule.
Renal corpuscles are in the superficial/outer cortex. - CORRECT ANSWER - Cortical
nephrons.
Renal corpuscles are in the deeper/inner cortex. - CORRECT ANSWER - Juxtamendullary
nephrons
Have long loops of Henle. - CORRECT ANSWER - Cortical nephrons.
Have short loops of Henle. - CORRECT ANSWER - Juxamendullary nephrons.
,What four structures comprise the renal tubule? - CORRECT ANSWER - Bowman's
capsule > PCT > loop of Henle > DCT
Which structure filtrates the blood? - CORRECT ANSWER - Glomerulus.
Which structure funnels filtrate? - CORRECT ANSWER - Bowman's capsule.
Describe "reabsorption" and indicate the correct direction (filtrate to urine? Filtrate to blood?) -
CORRECT ANSWER - Reabsorb the "good stuff" (nutrients, electrolytes, water) from
filtrate and turn it to blood. (filtrate to blood).
Describe "secretion" and indicate the correct direction. - CORRECT ANSWER - Secrete
(letting things so) wastes into urine to be excreted as urine.
List four examples of nitrogenous wastes. - CORRECT ANSWER - Creatine, ammonia,
urea, uric acid.
Identify the correct pathway of blood flow through the kidney. - CORRECT ANSWER -
Renal artery > Afferent arteriole > Glomerular capillaries > Efferent arteriole > Peritubular
capillaries > Renal vein.
Identify the correct pathway of fluid flow through the nephron. - CORRECT ANSWER -
Glomerular capsule > PCT > Descending limb of the loop of Henle > Ascending limb of the loop
of Henle > DCT.
List 3 basic renal processes. - CORRECT ANSWER - Filtration (Glomerulus & Bowman's
Capsule)
Reabsorption (Substances move from tubules to peritubule capillaries)
,Secretion (substances move from the peritubular capillaries).
Identify 3 structural modifications that enhance membrane permeability at the glomerulus. -
CORRECT ANSWER - Fenstrated endothelium, Permeable basement membrane and
Podocytes.
Fenestrated. - CORRECT ANSWER - Lots of holes in the lining.
Podocytes. - CORRECT ANSWER - Cells playing "footsie" with each other. (loosely
associated)
Identify 2 variables that affect GFR. - CORRECT ANSWER - Membrane permeability and
surface area.
Filtrate. - CORRECT ANSWER - The fluid that is pushed out of the glomerulus to the
Bowman's capsule is called filtrate.
Compare the composition of filtrate to the composition of blood. - CORRECT ANSWER -
Composition of filtrate=blood plasma.
How does the changing of blood pressure and volume affect glomerular filtration rate in a
healthy individual? - CORRECT ANSWER - No change.
What would be the effects if GFR increases? (is too fast) - CORRECT ANSWER -
Reabsorption is decreased.
What would be the effects of decreased GFR? (is too slow) - CORRECT ANSWER -
Reabsorption is increased.
List 3 mechanisms for regulating GFR. - CORRECT ANSWER - Myogenic Constriction
Mechanism, Tubuloglomerular Feedback and Renin Angiotensin System.
, What of the 3 regulation GFR mechanisms are "autoregulation"? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Myogenic Constriction Mechanism and Rubuloglomerular Feedback.
Which of the 3 regulation GFR mechanisms consists of hormones that also regulate the systemic
blood pressure? - CORRECT ANSWER - Renin Angiotensin System.
How do the afferent arterioles respond to an increase in systemic blood pressure? - CORRECT
ANSWER - They constrict.
How do the afferent arterioles respond to decreased systemic blood flow? - CORRECT
ANSWER - They dilate.
Explain how the myogenic constriction mechanism protects the kidney and its blood vessels
from changes in systemic blood pressure. - CORRECT ANSWER - Renal auto regulation.
What are signs of moderate hypothermia? - CORRECT ANSWER - Shivering.
What sign of moderate hypothermia is absent in profound hypothermia? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Shivering.
Describe the juxtaglomerular apparatus. - CORRECT ANSWER - "Next to the
glomerulus".
What 2 parts of the nephron meet at the JGA? - CORRECT ANSWER - DCT and afferent
arteriole.
Which part of the nephron acts as a "receptor"? - CORRECT ANSWER - Afferent
arteriole.
