CSCC Psychology 1100 Final Exam
UPDATED Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Study of behavior and mental processes - CORRECT ANSWER - Psychology
The __________ approach emphasizes unconscious thought, the conflict between biological
drives (such as the drive for sex) and society's demands, and early childhood family experiences.
Practitioners of this approach believe that sexual and aggressive impulses buried deep within the
unconscious mind influence the way people think, feel, and behave. - CORRECT
ANSWER - Psychodynamic
The ___________ approach emphasizes the scientific study of observable behavioral responses
and their environmental determinants. It focuses on an organism's visible behaviors, not thoughts
or feelings. - CORRECT ANSWER - Behavioral
The _________ approach emphasizes a person's positive qualities, the capacity for positive
growth, and the freedom to choose one's destiny. - CORRECT ANSWER - Humanistic
The _________ approach emphasizes the mental processes involved in knowing: how we direct
our attention, perceive, remember, think, and solve problems. - CORRECT ANSWER -
Cognitive
Some psychologists emphasize an __________ approach that uses evolutionary ideas such as
adaptation, reproduction, and natural selection as the basis for explaining specific human
behaviors. - CORRECT ANSWER - Evolutionary
Some psychologists examine behavior and mental processes through the ___________ approach,
which is a focus on the body, especially the brain and nervous system. - CORRECT
ANSWER - Biological
,The __________ approach examines the influences of social and cultural environments on
behavior. - CORRECT ANSWER - Sociocultural
Most of the studies psychologists publish in research journals follow the _______ ________,
which may be summarized in these five steps:
Observing some phenomenon
Formulating hypotheses and predictions
Testing through empirical research
Drawing conclusions
Evaluating conclusions - CORRECT ANSWER - Scientific Method
A ________ is anything that can change - CORRECT ANSWER - Variable
A _______ is a broad idea or set of closely related ideas that attempts to explain observations.
They seek to explain why certain things are as they are or why they have happened, and can be
used to make predictions about future observations. - CORRECT ANSWER - Theory
A _______ is a testable prediction that derives logically from a theory. A theory can generate
many of these. If more and more _________ related to a theory turn out to be true, the theory
gains in credibility. - CORRECT ANSWER - Hypothesis
_______ research is interested in discovering relationships between variables. - CORRECT
ANSWER - Correlational.
The degree of relationship between two variables is expressed as a numerical value called a
correlational coefficient, which is most commonly represented by the letter r. The correlation
coefficient is a statistic that tells us two things about the relationship between two variables—its
strength and its direction. The value of a correlation always falls between −1.00 and +1.00. The
number or magnitude of the correlation tells us about the strength of the relationship. The closer
the number is to ±1.00, the stronger the relationship. The sign (+ or −) tells us about the direction
of the relationship between the variables. A positive sign means that as one variable increases,
, the other also increases, or as one decreases the other does as well. When variables are positively
correlated, they change in the same direction. A negative sign means that as one variable
increases, the other decreases. Negatively correlated variables change together but do so in the
opposite direction. A zero correlation means that there is no systematic relationship between the
variables.
__________ research involves finding out about the basic dimensions of some variable. -
CORRECT ANSWER - Descriptive
A _____ ______ is an in-depth look at a single individual. - CORRECT ANSWER - Case
study
A related method that is especially useful when information from many people is needed is a
________, or questionnaire, which presents a standard set of questions, or items, to obtain
people's self-reported attitudes or beliefs about a particular topic. - CORRECT ANSWER -
Survey.
Surveys can measure only what people think about themselves. Furthermore, people do not
always know the truth about themselves. If you were answering a survey that asked, "Are you a
generous person?" how might your answer compare to that of a friend who is asked to make that
same rating about you? One particular problem with surveys and interviews is the tendency of
participants to answer questions in a way that will make them look good rather than in a way that
communicates what they truly think or feel. Another challenge in survey construction is that
when questionnaires are used to operationally define variables, it is crucial that the items
precisely probe the specific topic of interest and not some other characteristic. The language used
in surveys therefore must be clear and understandable if the responses are to reflect the
participants' actual feelings.
An ________ is a data-gathering methodology that involves a standard set of questions asked in
the same manner and order. For example, when doing research, you may do this instead of
asking them to fill out a questionnaire. - CORRECT ANSWER - Interview
The observation of behavior in a real-world setting. - CORRECT ANSWER - Naturalistic
observation
UPDATED Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Study of behavior and mental processes - CORRECT ANSWER - Psychology
The __________ approach emphasizes unconscious thought, the conflict between biological
drives (such as the drive for sex) and society's demands, and early childhood family experiences.
Practitioners of this approach believe that sexual and aggressive impulses buried deep within the
unconscious mind influence the way people think, feel, and behave. - CORRECT
ANSWER - Psychodynamic
The ___________ approach emphasizes the scientific study of observable behavioral responses
and their environmental determinants. It focuses on an organism's visible behaviors, not thoughts
or feelings. - CORRECT ANSWER - Behavioral
The _________ approach emphasizes a person's positive qualities, the capacity for positive
growth, and the freedom to choose one's destiny. - CORRECT ANSWER - Humanistic
The _________ approach emphasizes the mental processes involved in knowing: how we direct
our attention, perceive, remember, think, and solve problems. - CORRECT ANSWER -
Cognitive
Some psychologists emphasize an __________ approach that uses evolutionary ideas such as
adaptation, reproduction, and natural selection as the basis for explaining specific human
behaviors. - CORRECT ANSWER - Evolutionary
Some psychologists examine behavior and mental processes through the ___________ approach,
which is a focus on the body, especially the brain and nervous system. - CORRECT
ANSWER - Biological
,The __________ approach examines the influences of social and cultural environments on
behavior. - CORRECT ANSWER - Sociocultural
Most of the studies psychologists publish in research journals follow the _______ ________,
which may be summarized in these five steps:
Observing some phenomenon
Formulating hypotheses and predictions
Testing through empirical research
Drawing conclusions
Evaluating conclusions - CORRECT ANSWER - Scientific Method
A ________ is anything that can change - CORRECT ANSWER - Variable
A _______ is a broad idea or set of closely related ideas that attempts to explain observations.
They seek to explain why certain things are as they are or why they have happened, and can be
used to make predictions about future observations. - CORRECT ANSWER - Theory
A _______ is a testable prediction that derives logically from a theory. A theory can generate
many of these. If more and more _________ related to a theory turn out to be true, the theory
gains in credibility. - CORRECT ANSWER - Hypothesis
_______ research is interested in discovering relationships between variables. - CORRECT
ANSWER - Correlational.
The degree of relationship between two variables is expressed as a numerical value called a
correlational coefficient, which is most commonly represented by the letter r. The correlation
coefficient is a statistic that tells us two things about the relationship between two variables—its
strength and its direction. The value of a correlation always falls between −1.00 and +1.00. The
number or magnitude of the correlation tells us about the strength of the relationship. The closer
the number is to ±1.00, the stronger the relationship. The sign (+ or −) tells us about the direction
of the relationship between the variables. A positive sign means that as one variable increases,
, the other also increases, or as one decreases the other does as well. When variables are positively
correlated, they change in the same direction. A negative sign means that as one variable
increases, the other decreases. Negatively correlated variables change together but do so in the
opposite direction. A zero correlation means that there is no systematic relationship between the
variables.
__________ research involves finding out about the basic dimensions of some variable. -
CORRECT ANSWER - Descriptive
A _____ ______ is an in-depth look at a single individual. - CORRECT ANSWER - Case
study
A related method that is especially useful when information from many people is needed is a
________, or questionnaire, which presents a standard set of questions, or items, to obtain
people's self-reported attitudes or beliefs about a particular topic. - CORRECT ANSWER -
Survey.
Surveys can measure only what people think about themselves. Furthermore, people do not
always know the truth about themselves. If you were answering a survey that asked, "Are you a
generous person?" how might your answer compare to that of a friend who is asked to make that
same rating about you? One particular problem with surveys and interviews is the tendency of
participants to answer questions in a way that will make them look good rather than in a way that
communicates what they truly think or feel. Another challenge in survey construction is that
when questionnaires are used to operationally define variables, it is crucial that the items
precisely probe the specific topic of interest and not some other characteristic. The language used
in surveys therefore must be clear and understandable if the responses are to reflect the
participants' actual feelings.
An ________ is a data-gathering methodology that involves a standard set of questions asked in
the same manner and order. For example, when doing research, you may do this instead of
asking them to fill out a questionnaire. - CORRECT ANSWER - Interview
The observation of behavior in a real-world setting. - CORRECT ANSWER - Naturalistic
observation
