EEG/CLTM UPDATED Exam Questions
and CORRECT Answers
Where is the hippocampus located? - CORRECT ANSWER - Temporal lobe, responsible
for learning and memory
What is the amygdala responsible for? - CORRECT ANSWER - Long term emotional,
processing of memory, the amygdalae are considered part of the limbic system. Located in
Temporal Lobe
Foramen Ovale Electrodes - CORRECT ANSWER - Used to diagnose mesial temporal
lobe epilepsy without penetration of the skull. These are 1 to 4 contact flexible platinum wires
inserted by needle thru the cheek in the ambient cistern with the help of an X-ray
Todd's Paralysis - CORRECT ANSWER - Paralysis or weakness in a part of the body after
a seizure. This weakness typically affects arms or legs, but may also affect speech, eye position
or vision. usually subsides completely within 48 hours.
Rasmussen's Encepholopathy - CORRECT ANSWER - Rare, chronic focal encephalitis,
characterized by frequent severe seizures, loss of motor skills and speech, hemiparesis, and
dementia. The illness affects a single cerebral hemisphere and generally occurs in children under
the age of 15.
SUDEP - CORRECT ANSWER - defined as the sudden and unexpected, non-traumatic
and non-drowning death of a person with epilepsy without a known cause.
Current CPR chest compressions - CORRECT ANSWER - 30 to 2, or 100 per minute for
adults. And 15 to 2 for children
Hip Thrusting - CORRECT ANSWER - #1 Characteristic of Non epileptic events
,Gelastic Seizures - CORRECT ANSWER - Are associated with several different
conditions, but mainly hypothalamic hamartomas. Characterized by sudden outbursts of
Laughter, crying or cough for no apparent or appropriate reason.
Cataplexy - CORRECT ANSWER - A sudden and transient episode of muscle weakness,
with full conscious awareness, typically triggered by emotions such as laughing, crying, terror,
etc. It is the cardinal symptom of narcolepsy
Frontal lobe - CORRECT ANSWER - complex automatisms arise from what lobe?
Cortical Dysplasia - CORRECT ANSWER - A congenital abnormality where the neurons
in an area of the brain failed to migrate in the proper formation in utero, commonly found near
the cerebral cortex and is associated with seizures
Lennox Gastaut - CORRECT ANSWER - Onset between age 2 & 6. characterized by
frequent seizures of different types; is often accompanied by developmental delay, psychological
and behavioral problems. About half of patients will have status. interictal EEG shows slow
spike-wave complexes.
Keppra - CORRECT ANSWER - Levetiracetam: used for partial seizures, or as an
adjunctive therapy for partial, myoclonic and tonic-clonic seizures.
Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy
(JME) - CORRECT ANSWER - Seen in ages 12 to 18, brief involuntary muscle twitching
in the morning. Most have generalized seizures, many also have absence seizures. Treated with
Depakote (Valproic Acid). EEG shows generalized 3-4 Hz polyspike and slow wave discharges.
Often provoked by Photic and HV
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy - CORRECT ANSWER - Recurrent, unprovoked seizures which
originate from the temporal lobe. Seizures involve sensory changes; such as smelling an unusual
odor that is not there, or a memory disturbance. The most common cause is mesial temporal
sclerosis. Surgery can be complicated by decreased cognitive function.
, Simple Partial Seizures - CORRECT ANSWER - Are seizures involving small areas of the
temporal lobe such as the amygdala and hippocampus. There is no impairment to the level of
consciousness.
Complex Partial seizures - CORRECT ANSWER - seizures which impair LOC. They
usually begin with a single partial seizure, then spread to a larger portion of the temporal lobe.
may include motionless staring, automatic movements of the hands or mouth, inability to
respond, unusual speech, or other unusual behaviors
Deep brain stimulation - CORRECT ANSWER - neurosurgical procedure involving the
implantation of a medical device called a brain pacemaker, which sends electrical impulses,
through implanted electrodes, to specific parts of the brain (brain nucleus) for the treatment of
movement and affective disorders
Ketogenic Diet - CORRECT ANSWER - A high fat, low-carb diet used to treat intractable
seizures in children. The diet forces the liver to convert fat into ketone bodies, which replace
glucose as an energy source. The elevated level of ketone bodies leads to a reduction in seizures.
May help Lenox Gastaut.
Wada test - CORRECT ANSWER - Used to determine hemispheric dominance, is
conducted with the patient awake. Sodium amobarbital is injected into one of the internal carotid
arteries one hemisphere at a time to assess language and memory function.
Hemispherectomy - CORRECT ANSWER - removal or a functional disconnection of
most, or all of, one half of the cerebrum. It is reserved for people with the most catastrophic
epilepsies, such as those due to Rasmussen syndrome.
Frontal lobe - CORRECT ANSWER - Hyper motor behavior comes from what lobe?
Pentobarbital - CORRECT ANSWER - The brand name for this drug is Nembutal, also has
an application in reducing intracranial pressure in Reye's syndrome, traumatic brain injury and
induction of coma in cerebral ischemia patients.
and CORRECT Answers
Where is the hippocampus located? - CORRECT ANSWER - Temporal lobe, responsible
for learning and memory
What is the amygdala responsible for? - CORRECT ANSWER - Long term emotional,
processing of memory, the amygdalae are considered part of the limbic system. Located in
Temporal Lobe
Foramen Ovale Electrodes - CORRECT ANSWER - Used to diagnose mesial temporal
lobe epilepsy without penetration of the skull. These are 1 to 4 contact flexible platinum wires
inserted by needle thru the cheek in the ambient cistern with the help of an X-ray
Todd's Paralysis - CORRECT ANSWER - Paralysis or weakness in a part of the body after
a seizure. This weakness typically affects arms or legs, but may also affect speech, eye position
or vision. usually subsides completely within 48 hours.
Rasmussen's Encepholopathy - CORRECT ANSWER - Rare, chronic focal encephalitis,
characterized by frequent severe seizures, loss of motor skills and speech, hemiparesis, and
dementia. The illness affects a single cerebral hemisphere and generally occurs in children under
the age of 15.
SUDEP - CORRECT ANSWER - defined as the sudden and unexpected, non-traumatic
and non-drowning death of a person with epilepsy without a known cause.
Current CPR chest compressions - CORRECT ANSWER - 30 to 2, or 100 per minute for
adults. And 15 to 2 for children
Hip Thrusting - CORRECT ANSWER - #1 Characteristic of Non epileptic events
,Gelastic Seizures - CORRECT ANSWER - Are associated with several different
conditions, but mainly hypothalamic hamartomas. Characterized by sudden outbursts of
Laughter, crying or cough for no apparent or appropriate reason.
Cataplexy - CORRECT ANSWER - A sudden and transient episode of muscle weakness,
with full conscious awareness, typically triggered by emotions such as laughing, crying, terror,
etc. It is the cardinal symptom of narcolepsy
Frontal lobe - CORRECT ANSWER - complex automatisms arise from what lobe?
Cortical Dysplasia - CORRECT ANSWER - A congenital abnormality where the neurons
in an area of the brain failed to migrate in the proper formation in utero, commonly found near
the cerebral cortex and is associated with seizures
Lennox Gastaut - CORRECT ANSWER - Onset between age 2 & 6. characterized by
frequent seizures of different types; is often accompanied by developmental delay, psychological
and behavioral problems. About half of patients will have status. interictal EEG shows slow
spike-wave complexes.
Keppra - CORRECT ANSWER - Levetiracetam: used for partial seizures, or as an
adjunctive therapy for partial, myoclonic and tonic-clonic seizures.
Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy
(JME) - CORRECT ANSWER - Seen in ages 12 to 18, brief involuntary muscle twitching
in the morning. Most have generalized seizures, many also have absence seizures. Treated with
Depakote (Valproic Acid). EEG shows generalized 3-4 Hz polyspike and slow wave discharges.
Often provoked by Photic and HV
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy - CORRECT ANSWER - Recurrent, unprovoked seizures which
originate from the temporal lobe. Seizures involve sensory changes; such as smelling an unusual
odor that is not there, or a memory disturbance. The most common cause is mesial temporal
sclerosis. Surgery can be complicated by decreased cognitive function.
, Simple Partial Seizures - CORRECT ANSWER - Are seizures involving small areas of the
temporal lobe such as the amygdala and hippocampus. There is no impairment to the level of
consciousness.
Complex Partial seizures - CORRECT ANSWER - seizures which impair LOC. They
usually begin with a single partial seizure, then spread to a larger portion of the temporal lobe.
may include motionless staring, automatic movements of the hands or mouth, inability to
respond, unusual speech, or other unusual behaviors
Deep brain stimulation - CORRECT ANSWER - neurosurgical procedure involving the
implantation of a medical device called a brain pacemaker, which sends electrical impulses,
through implanted electrodes, to specific parts of the brain (brain nucleus) for the treatment of
movement and affective disorders
Ketogenic Diet - CORRECT ANSWER - A high fat, low-carb diet used to treat intractable
seizures in children. The diet forces the liver to convert fat into ketone bodies, which replace
glucose as an energy source. The elevated level of ketone bodies leads to a reduction in seizures.
May help Lenox Gastaut.
Wada test - CORRECT ANSWER - Used to determine hemispheric dominance, is
conducted with the patient awake. Sodium amobarbital is injected into one of the internal carotid
arteries one hemisphere at a time to assess language and memory function.
Hemispherectomy - CORRECT ANSWER - removal or a functional disconnection of
most, or all of, one half of the cerebrum. It is reserved for people with the most catastrophic
epilepsies, such as those due to Rasmussen syndrome.
Frontal lobe - CORRECT ANSWER - Hyper motor behavior comes from what lobe?
Pentobarbital - CORRECT ANSWER - The brand name for this drug is Nembutal, also has
an application in reducing intracranial pressure in Reye's syndrome, traumatic brain injury and
induction of coma in cerebral ischemia patients.
