NAPSR TERMS - CHAPTER 21 WITH
EXPLANATIONA RATED 100% CORRECT
AND GRADED A+.
A.A. - ANS Referring to medication dosage, means "of each"
A.C. - ANS Referring to medication dosage, means "before meals"
AAHP (American Association of Health Plans) - ANS The primary U.S. Association of
Health Plans, which includes health maintenance organizations (HMO), preferred
provider organizations (PPO), other forms of managed care, and utilization review
organizations (URO).
Absorption Rate - ANS The rate at which a drug is taken into a person's bloodstream
within a specified time period. The rate can very from person to person.
Absorption - ANS The process in which a medication is absorbed into the bloodstream.
AC - ANS Anticholinergic side effects (dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention)
Accelerated Approval - ANS A specialized FDA mechanism implemented in the early
1990's to speed approval of drugs that represent a major advance in addressing a
serious or life-threatening diseases for which no effective alternative treatments exist.
Under accelerated approval, the FDA accepts a surrogate endpoint as evidence of
effectiveness, and then requires post-marketing studies to confirm the drug's benefits.
Ace Inhibitors - ANS Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. A class of drugs used to
treat cardiovascular conditions such as hypertension and chronic heart failure.
Action Letter - ANS The FDA's official response to an NDA (an action letter is also
known as an NDA action). The message may be an approval letter, approvable letter, or
a non-approvable letter.
Active Metabolite - ANS A biological active product of a medication's metabolism.
Acute Illness - ANS A condition of illness that only lasts for a short period of time. The
common cold is one.
Acute - ANS In terms of diseases or conditions, abrupt in onset and short-term.
Ad. Lib - ANS Referring to medication dosage; means freely.
Additions - ANS Situations where two or more medications are used together and the
clinical effect is equal to the sum of their individual effects.
,Adherence - ANS The proper use of a medication by a patient. Involves taking the
medication on the correct schedule outlined by a physician, and using the proper
technique.
Adjuvant - ANS A substance that enhances the action of a drug or antigen. Adjuvant
therapy is the use of a second form of treatment in addition to the primary therapy, e.g.,
having chemotherapy in addition to surgery.
ADME - ANS An acronym for absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Tests
preformed to asses the impact of a drug on the human body.
Adverse Drug Reaction - ANS An unwanted, negative consequence sometimes
associated with the use of a drug therapy. It is more precise term than "side effect," as
some side effects may be therapeutically useful.
Adverse Effect - ANS An unwanted effect a medication may have on a person.
Adverse Event - ANS An unanticipated event that involves risk to the subject and that
results in harm to the subject or others.
A.F. - ANS Atrial fibrillation
Affinity - ANS A measure of the binding of an antibody to an antigen
Agonist - ANS A drug capable of combining with receptors to initiate drug actions
Alignment - ANS The manner in which a client responsibilities are allocated among
sales representatives in a pharmaceutical company, e.g., by therapeutic area,
geography, and/or the sales potential of a given assignment.
AMA (American Medical Association) - ANS A national association based in Chicago
that represents more than 700,000 medical doctors in the U.S. Among other things, it
defines ethical standards that physicians should observe in their relationships with
pharmaceutical companies and in their prescribing behavior.
AMCP (Academy of Managed Care Physicians) - ANS An organization for pharmacy
directors. The AMCP is the national professional society dedicated to pharmaceutical
care in managed healthcare environments.
American Pharmaceutical Association (APhA) - ANS the national professional society of
pharmacists, founded in 1852, it was the first and is still the largest professional
association of pharmacists in the US.
Amide - ANS An organic compound containing an (O-C-N) group.
, Amino Acid - ANS Building block of peptides/protieins
Amyloid - ANS A glycoprotein that is deposited extracellularly in tissues.
Analgesic - ANS Pain reliever
Analogue - ANS Similar in chemical and physical structure.
Anaphylaxis - ANS An extreme sensitivity and reaction to a foreign substance, including
medications.
Ancillary Care - ANS Supplemental health services that facilitate diagnosis and
treatment, including lab work and x-rays
ANDA - ANS Abbreviated New Drug Application
Androgen - ANS A male specific reproductive hormone
Angiotensin - ANS A peptide. There are 2 forms: angiotensin I and II. I is converted to
angiotensin II by an enzyme, angiotensin-converting enzyme. II constricts blood vessels
to increase blood pressure.
Antagonism - ANS An interaction where one medication may reduce the effects of
another medication.
Antibody - ANS A protein secreted by B cells when they are stimulated by and antigen.
Antibodies act specifically against particular antigens in an immune response.
Antigen - ANS The substance, usually protein-based, that stimulates production of
antibodies so as to meet the perceived threat.
APAP - ANS Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
APC - ANS Antigen presenting cell.
Macrophages, Dendritic cells, and B-Cells
API (active pharmaceutical ingredient) - ANS the part of a drug formulation that is
responsible for achieving a therapeutic effect. Also known as the drug substance or the
active ingredient.
Approvable Letter - ANS An FDA response to a NDA that lists minor issues to be
resolved before marketing approval can be granted.
Assay - ANS A test or trial.
EXPLANATIONA RATED 100% CORRECT
AND GRADED A+.
A.A. - ANS Referring to medication dosage, means "of each"
A.C. - ANS Referring to medication dosage, means "before meals"
AAHP (American Association of Health Plans) - ANS The primary U.S. Association of
Health Plans, which includes health maintenance organizations (HMO), preferred
provider organizations (PPO), other forms of managed care, and utilization review
organizations (URO).
Absorption Rate - ANS The rate at which a drug is taken into a person's bloodstream
within a specified time period. The rate can very from person to person.
Absorption - ANS The process in which a medication is absorbed into the bloodstream.
AC - ANS Anticholinergic side effects (dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention)
Accelerated Approval - ANS A specialized FDA mechanism implemented in the early
1990's to speed approval of drugs that represent a major advance in addressing a
serious or life-threatening diseases for which no effective alternative treatments exist.
Under accelerated approval, the FDA accepts a surrogate endpoint as evidence of
effectiveness, and then requires post-marketing studies to confirm the drug's benefits.
Ace Inhibitors - ANS Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. A class of drugs used to
treat cardiovascular conditions such as hypertension and chronic heart failure.
Action Letter - ANS The FDA's official response to an NDA (an action letter is also
known as an NDA action). The message may be an approval letter, approvable letter, or
a non-approvable letter.
Active Metabolite - ANS A biological active product of a medication's metabolism.
Acute Illness - ANS A condition of illness that only lasts for a short period of time. The
common cold is one.
Acute - ANS In terms of diseases or conditions, abrupt in onset and short-term.
Ad. Lib - ANS Referring to medication dosage; means freely.
Additions - ANS Situations where two or more medications are used together and the
clinical effect is equal to the sum of their individual effects.
,Adherence - ANS The proper use of a medication by a patient. Involves taking the
medication on the correct schedule outlined by a physician, and using the proper
technique.
Adjuvant - ANS A substance that enhances the action of a drug or antigen. Adjuvant
therapy is the use of a second form of treatment in addition to the primary therapy, e.g.,
having chemotherapy in addition to surgery.
ADME - ANS An acronym for absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Tests
preformed to asses the impact of a drug on the human body.
Adverse Drug Reaction - ANS An unwanted, negative consequence sometimes
associated with the use of a drug therapy. It is more precise term than "side effect," as
some side effects may be therapeutically useful.
Adverse Effect - ANS An unwanted effect a medication may have on a person.
Adverse Event - ANS An unanticipated event that involves risk to the subject and that
results in harm to the subject or others.
A.F. - ANS Atrial fibrillation
Affinity - ANS A measure of the binding of an antibody to an antigen
Agonist - ANS A drug capable of combining with receptors to initiate drug actions
Alignment - ANS The manner in which a client responsibilities are allocated among
sales representatives in a pharmaceutical company, e.g., by therapeutic area,
geography, and/or the sales potential of a given assignment.
AMA (American Medical Association) - ANS A national association based in Chicago
that represents more than 700,000 medical doctors in the U.S. Among other things, it
defines ethical standards that physicians should observe in their relationships with
pharmaceutical companies and in their prescribing behavior.
AMCP (Academy of Managed Care Physicians) - ANS An organization for pharmacy
directors. The AMCP is the national professional society dedicated to pharmaceutical
care in managed healthcare environments.
American Pharmaceutical Association (APhA) - ANS the national professional society of
pharmacists, founded in 1852, it was the first and is still the largest professional
association of pharmacists in the US.
Amide - ANS An organic compound containing an (O-C-N) group.
, Amino Acid - ANS Building block of peptides/protieins
Amyloid - ANS A glycoprotein that is deposited extracellularly in tissues.
Analgesic - ANS Pain reliever
Analogue - ANS Similar in chemical and physical structure.
Anaphylaxis - ANS An extreme sensitivity and reaction to a foreign substance, including
medications.
Ancillary Care - ANS Supplemental health services that facilitate diagnosis and
treatment, including lab work and x-rays
ANDA - ANS Abbreviated New Drug Application
Androgen - ANS A male specific reproductive hormone
Angiotensin - ANS A peptide. There are 2 forms: angiotensin I and II. I is converted to
angiotensin II by an enzyme, angiotensin-converting enzyme. II constricts blood vessels
to increase blood pressure.
Antagonism - ANS An interaction where one medication may reduce the effects of
another medication.
Antibody - ANS A protein secreted by B cells when they are stimulated by and antigen.
Antibodies act specifically against particular antigens in an immune response.
Antigen - ANS The substance, usually protein-based, that stimulates production of
antibodies so as to meet the perceived threat.
APAP - ANS Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
APC - ANS Antigen presenting cell.
Macrophages, Dendritic cells, and B-Cells
API (active pharmaceutical ingredient) - ANS the part of a drug formulation that is
responsible for achieving a therapeutic effect. Also known as the drug substance or the
active ingredient.
Approvable Letter - ANS An FDA response to a NDA that lists minor issues to be
resolved before marketing approval can be granted.
Assay - ANS A test or trial.
