TEST BANK
,Chapter 1: Cell Adaptation, Injury and Death
Ischemia and other toxic injuries increase the accumulation of intracellular calcium as a result
1. of:
A) release of stored calcium from the mitochondria.
B) improved intracellular volume regulation.
C) decreased influx across the cell membrane.
D) attraction of calcium to fatty infiltrates.
The patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the removal of a lobe of his liver.
2. Adaptation to the reduced size of the liver leads to of the remaining liver cells.
A) metaplasia
B) organ atrophy
C) compensatory hyperplasia
D) physiologic hypertrophy
A person eating peanuts starts choking and collapses. His airway obstruction is partially
cleared, but he remains hypoxic until he reaches the hospital. The prolonged cell hypoxia
3. caused a cerebral infarction and resulting in the brain.
A) caspase activation
B) coagulation necrosis
C) rapid phagocytosis
D) protein p53 deficiency
Bacteria and viruses cause cell damage by , which is unique from the intracellular
4. damage caused by other injurious agents.
A) disrupting the sodium/potassium ATPase pump
B) interrupting oxidative metabolism processes
C) replicating and producing continued injury
D) decreasing protein synthesis and function
The patient has a prolonged interruption in arterial blood flow to his left kidney, causing
5. hypoxic cell injury and the release of free radicals. Free radicals damage cells by:
A) destroying phospholipids in the cell membrane.
B) altering the immune response of the cell.
C) disrupting calcium storage in the cell.
D) inactivation of enzymes and mitochondria.
6. Injured cells have impaired flow of substances through the cell membrane as a result of:
A) increased fat load.
,B) altered permeability.
C) altered glucose utilization.
D) increased surface receptors.
7. Reversible adaptive intracellular responses are initiated by:
A) stimulus overload.
B) genetic mutations.
C) chemical messengers.
D) mitochondrial DNA.
8. Injured cells become very swollen as a result of:
A) increased cell protein synthesis.
B) altered cell volume regulation.
C) passive entry of potassium into the cell.
D) bleb formation in the plasma membrane.
A diabetic patient has impaired sensation, circulation, and oxygenation of his feet. He steps on
a piece of glass, the wound does not heal, and the area tissue becomes necrotic. The necrotic
9. cell death is characterized by:
A) rapid apoptosis.
B) cellular rupture.
C) shrinkage and collapse.
D) chronic inflammation.
A 99-year-old woman has experienced the decline of cell function associated with age. A
10. group of theories of cellular aging focus on programmed:
A) changes with genetic influences.
B) elimination of cell receptor sites.
C) insufficient telomerase enzyme.
D) DNA mutation or faulty repair.
An 89-year-old female patient has experienced significant decreases in her mobility and
stamina during a 3-week hospital stay for the treatment of a femoral head fracture. Which of
the following phenomena most likely accounts for the patients decrease in muscle function
11. that underlies her reduced mobility?
A) Impaired muscle cell metabolism resulting from metaplasia
B) Dysplasia as a consequence of inflammation during bone remodeling
C) Disuse atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobility
D) Ischemic atrophy resulting from vascular changes while on bedrest
, A l20-year-old lcollege lstudent lhas lpresented lto lher lcampus lmedical lclinic lfor la lscheduled
lPapanicolaou l(Pap) lsmear. lThe lclinician lwho lwill linterpret lthe lsmear lwill lexamine lcell
12. lsamples lfor levidence lof:
A) changes lin lcell lshape, lsize, land lorganization.
B) the lpresence lof lunexpected lcell ltypes.
l l C) ischemic lchanges lin lcell lsamples.
D) abnormally lhigh lnumbers lof lcells lin la lspecified lfield.
Which lof lthe lfollowing lpathophysiologic lprocesses lis lmost llikely lto lresult lin lmetastatic
l l 13. lcalcification?
A) Benign lprostatic lhyperplasia
B) Liver lcirrhosis
C) Impaired lglycogen lmetabolism
D) Hyperparathyroidism
Despite lthe llow llevels lof lradiation lused lin lcontemporary lradiologic limaging, la lradiology
ltechnician lis laware lof lthe lneed lto lminimize lher lexposure lto lionizing lradiation. lWhat lis lthe
14. lprimary lrationale lfor lthe ltechnicians lprecautions?
A) Radiation lstimulates lpathologic lcell lhypertrophy land lhyperplasia.
B) Radiation lresults lin lthe laccumulation lof lendogenous lwaste lproducts lin lthe lcytoplasm.
C) Radiation linterferes lwith lDNA lsynthesis land lmitosis.
D) Radiation ldecreases lthe laction lpotential lof lrapidly ldividing lcells.
The lparents lof la l4-year-old lgirl lhave lsought lcare lbecause ltheir ldaughter lhas ladmitted lto
lchewing land lswallowing limported ltoy lfigurines lthat lhave lbeen ldetermined lto lbe lmade lof
15. llead. lWhich lof lthe lfollowing lblood ltests lshould lthe lcare lteam lprioritize?
l l A) White lblood lcell llevels lwith ldifferential
B) Red lblood lcell llevels land lmorphology
C) Urea land lcreatinine llevels
D) Liver lfunction lpanel
A l70-year-old lmale lpatient lhas lbeen ladmitted lto la lhospital lfor lthe ltreatment lof la lrecent
hemorrhagic lstroke lthat lhas lleft lhim lwith lnumerous lmotor land lsensory ldeficits. lThese
16. ldeficits lare lmost llikely lthe lresult lof lwhich lof lthe lfollowing lmechanisms lof lcell linjury?
A) Free lradical linjury
B) Hypoxia land lATP ldepletion
C) Interference lwith lDNA lsynthesis
D) Impaired lcalcium lhomeostasis
,Chapter 1: Cell Adaptation, Injury and Death
Ischemia and other toxic injuries increase the accumulation of intracellular calcium as a result
1. of:
A) release of stored calcium from the mitochondria.
B) improved intracellular volume regulation.
C) decreased influx across the cell membrane.
D) attraction of calcium to fatty infiltrates.
The patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the removal of a lobe of his liver.
2. Adaptation to the reduced size of the liver leads to of the remaining liver cells.
A) metaplasia
B) organ atrophy
C) compensatory hyperplasia
D) physiologic hypertrophy
A person eating peanuts starts choking and collapses. His airway obstruction is partially
cleared, but he remains hypoxic until he reaches the hospital. The prolonged cell hypoxia
3. caused a cerebral infarction and resulting in the brain.
A) caspase activation
B) coagulation necrosis
C) rapid phagocytosis
D) protein p53 deficiency
Bacteria and viruses cause cell damage by , which is unique from the intracellular
4. damage caused by other injurious agents.
A) disrupting the sodium/potassium ATPase pump
B) interrupting oxidative metabolism processes
C) replicating and producing continued injury
D) decreasing protein synthesis and function
The patient has a prolonged interruption in arterial blood flow to his left kidney, causing
5. hypoxic cell injury and the release of free radicals. Free radicals damage cells by:
A) destroying phospholipids in the cell membrane.
B) altering the immune response of the cell.
C) disrupting calcium storage in the cell.
D) inactivation of enzymes and mitochondria.
6. Injured cells have impaired flow of substances through the cell membrane as a result of:
A) increased fat load.
,B) altered permeability.
C) altered glucose utilization.
D) increased surface receptors.
7. Reversible adaptive intracellular responses are initiated by:
A) stimulus overload.
B) genetic mutations.
C) chemical messengers.
D) mitochondrial DNA.
8. Injured cells become very swollen as a result of:
A) increased cell protein synthesis.
B) altered cell volume regulation.
C) passive entry of potassium into the cell.
D) bleb formation in the plasma membrane.
A diabetic patient has impaired sensation, circulation, and oxygenation of his feet. He steps on
a piece of glass, the wound does not heal, and the area tissue becomes necrotic. The necrotic
9. cell death is characterized by:
A) rapid apoptosis.
B) cellular rupture.
C) shrinkage and collapse.
D) chronic inflammation.
A 99-year-old woman has experienced the decline of cell function associated with age. A
10. group of theories of cellular aging focus on programmed:
A) changes with genetic influences.
B) elimination of cell receptor sites.
C) insufficient telomerase enzyme.
D) DNA mutation or faulty repair.
An 89-year-old female patient has experienced significant decreases in her mobility and
stamina during a 3-week hospital stay for the treatment of a femoral head fracture. Which of
the following phenomena most likely accounts for the patients decrease in muscle function
11. that underlies her reduced mobility?
A) Impaired muscle cell metabolism resulting from metaplasia
B) Dysplasia as a consequence of inflammation during bone remodeling
C) Disuse atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobility
D) Ischemic atrophy resulting from vascular changes while on bedrest
, A l20-year-old lcollege lstudent lhas lpresented lto lher lcampus lmedical lclinic lfor la lscheduled
lPapanicolaou l(Pap) lsmear. lThe lclinician lwho lwill linterpret lthe lsmear lwill lexamine lcell
12. lsamples lfor levidence lof:
A) changes lin lcell lshape, lsize, land lorganization.
B) the lpresence lof lunexpected lcell ltypes.
l l C) ischemic lchanges lin lcell lsamples.
D) abnormally lhigh lnumbers lof lcells lin la lspecified lfield.
Which lof lthe lfollowing lpathophysiologic lprocesses lis lmost llikely lto lresult lin lmetastatic
l l 13. lcalcification?
A) Benign lprostatic lhyperplasia
B) Liver lcirrhosis
C) Impaired lglycogen lmetabolism
D) Hyperparathyroidism
Despite lthe llow llevels lof lradiation lused lin lcontemporary lradiologic limaging, la lradiology
ltechnician lis laware lof lthe lneed lto lminimize lher lexposure lto lionizing lradiation. lWhat lis lthe
14. lprimary lrationale lfor lthe ltechnicians lprecautions?
A) Radiation lstimulates lpathologic lcell lhypertrophy land lhyperplasia.
B) Radiation lresults lin lthe laccumulation lof lendogenous lwaste lproducts lin lthe lcytoplasm.
C) Radiation linterferes lwith lDNA lsynthesis land lmitosis.
D) Radiation ldecreases lthe laction lpotential lof lrapidly ldividing lcells.
The lparents lof la l4-year-old lgirl lhave lsought lcare lbecause ltheir ldaughter lhas ladmitted lto
lchewing land lswallowing limported ltoy lfigurines lthat lhave lbeen ldetermined lto lbe lmade lof
15. llead. lWhich lof lthe lfollowing lblood ltests lshould lthe lcare lteam lprioritize?
l l A) White lblood lcell llevels lwith ldifferential
B) Red lblood lcell llevels land lmorphology
C) Urea land lcreatinine llevels
D) Liver lfunction lpanel
A l70-year-old lmale lpatient lhas lbeen ladmitted lto la lhospital lfor lthe ltreatment lof la lrecent
hemorrhagic lstroke lthat lhas lleft lhim lwith lnumerous lmotor land lsensory ldeficits. lThese
16. ldeficits lare lmost llikely lthe lresult lof lwhich lof lthe lfollowing lmechanisms lof lcell linjury?
A) Free lradical linjury
B) Hypoxia land lATP ldepletion
C) Interference lwith lDNA lsynthesis
D) Impaired lcalcium lhomeostasis
