OpenStax7Microbiology7Test7Ban
k7Chapter71:7An7Invisible7World
Chapter71:7An7Invisible7World
*7=7Correct7answer7M
ultiple7Choice
1. Which7of7the7following7is7true7of7the7microbial7world?
A. All7microbes7are7harmful.
B. Humans7could7survive7without7microbes.
C. Many7microbes7are7helpful.*
D. Most7microbes7are7pathogenic.
Difficulty:7Easy
ASM7Standard:723,724
2. Which7of7the7following7is7when7humans7first7suspected7the7existence7of7microbes?
A. during7the7Industrial7Revolution
B. in7prehistoric7times*
C. in7the7last7century
D. within7the7last75007years
Difficulty:7Easy7AS
M7Standard:723
3. Which7individual7first7observed7unicellular7organisms,7which7he7called7“animalcules,”7usi
ng7a7microscope7he7developed?
A. Robert7Koch
B. Louis7Pasteur
C. Thucydides
D. Antonie7van7Leeuwenhoek*
Difficulty:7Easy7AS
M7Standard:76
4. To7reduce7the7risk7of7open7flame7from7Bunsen7burners,7microbiologists7are7increasingly7usi
ng7which7of7the7following7devices7for7easy,7rapid7benchtop7sterilization7of7small7pieces7of7
equipment?
A. autoclaves
B. ethylene7oxide
C. incubators
D. microincinerators*
Difficulty:7Easy7AS
M7Standard:736
Page717of717
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k7Chapter71:7An7Invisible7World
5. The7Swedish7botanist7known7for7having7developed7an7important7biological7classificati
on7system7is7which7of7the7following7people?
A. Ernst7Haeckel
B. Carolus7Linnaeus*
C. Louis7Pasteur
D. Robert7Whittaker
Difficulty:7Easy7AS
M7Standard:7N/A
6. Which7kingdom7was7the7only7one7found7in7Empire7Prokaryota?
A. Animalia
B. Fungi
C. Monera*
D. Protista
Difficulty:7Easy7AS
M7Standard:7N/A
7. Which7are7the7three7currently7accepted7domains?
A. Archaea,7Bacteria,7and7Eukarya*
B. Archaea,7Prokaryota,7and7Eukaryota
C. Bacteria,7Fungi,7and7Protista
D. Bacteria,7Prokaryota,7and7Eukarya
Difficulty:7Easy7AS
M7Standard:7N/A
8. Which7two7taxonomic7units7are7typically7used7to7identify7an7organism7when7using7binom
ial7nomenclature?
A. domain7and7kingdom
B. genus7and7family
C. genus7and7species*
D. phylum7and7class
Difficulty:7Easy7AS
M7Standard:7N/A
9. Which7of7the7following7is7not7true7about7the7process7of7fermentation?
A. It7can7help7preserve7foods,7preventing7spoilage.
B. It7converts7sugars7to7organic7acids,7alcohols,7and/or7gases7such7as7carbon7dioxide.
C. It7is7carried7out7exclusively7by7unicellular7eukaryotes7such7as7yeast.*
D. It7is7used7to7make7foods7such7as7cheese7and7bread.
Difficulty:7Moderate7AS
M7Standard:711,723,726
Page727of717
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k7Chapter71:7An7Invisible7World
10. The7Romans7may7have7reduced7their7risk7of7waterborne7infectious7diseases7by7using7which
7of7the7following?
A. a7variety7of7pharmaceutical7products
B. aqueducts7and7a7sewer7system*
C. prophylactic7antibiotics
D. quarantine7of7people7with7leprosy
Difficulty:7Moderate
7ASM7Standard:723
11. For7which7of7the7following7is7Thucydides7known?
A. developing7an7effective7sewer7system7in7ancient7Greece,7helping7to7reduce7levels7
of7disease7in7cities
B. observing7microbes,7using7a7microscope,7for7the7first7time,7even7distinguishing7betwe
en7bacteria7and7fungi
C. proposing7that7disease7was7caused7by7microorganisms
D. realizing7that7people7who7had7been7infected7by7the7Athenian7plague7had7immunity
7to7reinfection*
Difficulty:7Moderate7A
SM7Standard:723,731
12. Ernst7Haeckel7proposed7a7classification7system7consisting7of7which7of7the7followi
ng7subgroups?
A. five7kingdoms
B. four7kingdoms*
C. two7domains7and7three7kingdoms
D. two7domains7and7five7kingdoms
Difficulty:7Moderate
7ASM7Standard:7N/
A
13. Viruses7not7included7in7phylogenetic7trees7for7which7of7the7following7reasons?
A. It7is7too7difficult7to7observe7their7characteristics.
B. They7are7acellular7and7nonliving.*
C. They7do7not7have7any7genes,7which7prevents7genetic7analysis.
D. They7lack7a7nucleus.
Difficulty:7Moderate
7ASM7Standard:75
14. Which7is7the7best7description7of7the7primary7purpose7of7a7phylogeny?
A. Phylogenies7show7all7the7alterative7names7for7each7species.
B. Phylogenies7show7all7the7common7names7for7each7species.
C. Phylogenies7show7evolutionary7relatedness7between7organisms.*
Page737of717
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k7Chapter71:7An7Invisible7World
D. Phylogenies7show7interactions7between7species7in7a7shared7habitat.
Difficulty:7Moderate
7ASM7Standard:75
15. Current7phylogenetic7analyses7include7which7of7the7following?
A. information7from7a7range7of7sources,7including7morphological,7genetic,7and7biochemic
al7data*
B. information7on7visible7similarities7only
C. information7regarding7how7to7classify7organisms7on7the7basis7of7external7morphologi
cal7characteristics7and7visible7behaviors
D. varied7morphological7and7structural7characteristics,7with7preference7for7leaving7historic
al7classifications7to7prevent7confusion
Difficulty:7Moderate
7ASM7Standard:75
16. Diatoms7are7classified7within7which7of7the7following7domains?
A. Archaea
B. Bacteria
C. Eukarya*
D. Prokaryota
Difficulty:7Moderate
7ASM7Standard:7N/
A
17. Horizontal7gene7transfer7involves7which7of7the7following?
A. any7transfer7of7genes7in7a7laboratory7setting
B. the7transfer7of7genes7from7a7virus7to7a7bacterium7or7vice7versa7but7not7any7other7for
m7of7gene7transfer
C. the7transfer7of7genes7from7one7individual7to7another,7including7from7one7species
7to7another,7but7not7from7parent7to7offspring*
D. the7transfer7of7genes7from7parent7to7offspring
Difficulty:7Moderate
7ASM7Standard:72,7
4
18. Bacteria7are7generally7identified7to7species7by7using7which7of7the7following?
A. a7combination7of7genetic,7biochemical,7and7microscopic7approaches*
B. a7combination7of7microscopic7and7physiological7approaches,7but7not7genetics
C. primarily7characteristics7such7as7motility7that7can7be7visualized7using7microscopy
D. primarily7morphological7characteristics7of7individual7cells
Difficulty:7Moderate7A
SM7Standard:734,736
Page747of717
k7Chapter71:7An7Invisible7World
Chapter71:7An7Invisible7World
*7=7Correct7answer7M
ultiple7Choice
1. Which7of7the7following7is7true7of7the7microbial7world?
A. All7microbes7are7harmful.
B. Humans7could7survive7without7microbes.
C. Many7microbes7are7helpful.*
D. Most7microbes7are7pathogenic.
Difficulty:7Easy
ASM7Standard:723,724
2. Which7of7the7following7is7when7humans7first7suspected7the7existence7of7microbes?
A. during7the7Industrial7Revolution
B. in7prehistoric7times*
C. in7the7last7century
D. within7the7last75007years
Difficulty:7Easy7AS
M7Standard:723
3. Which7individual7first7observed7unicellular7organisms,7which7he7called7“animalcules,”7usi
ng7a7microscope7he7developed?
A. Robert7Koch
B. Louis7Pasteur
C. Thucydides
D. Antonie7van7Leeuwenhoek*
Difficulty:7Easy7AS
M7Standard:76
4. To7reduce7the7risk7of7open7flame7from7Bunsen7burners,7microbiologists7are7increasingly7usi
ng7which7of7the7following7devices7for7easy,7rapid7benchtop7sterilization7of7small7pieces7of7
equipment?
A. autoclaves
B. ethylene7oxide
C. incubators
D. microincinerators*
Difficulty:7Easy7AS
M7Standard:736
Page717of717
,OpenStax7Microbiology7Test7Ban
k7Chapter71:7An7Invisible7World
5. The7Swedish7botanist7known7for7having7developed7an7important7biological7classificati
on7system7is7which7of7the7following7people?
A. Ernst7Haeckel
B. Carolus7Linnaeus*
C. Louis7Pasteur
D. Robert7Whittaker
Difficulty:7Easy7AS
M7Standard:7N/A
6. Which7kingdom7was7the7only7one7found7in7Empire7Prokaryota?
A. Animalia
B. Fungi
C. Monera*
D. Protista
Difficulty:7Easy7AS
M7Standard:7N/A
7. Which7are7the7three7currently7accepted7domains?
A. Archaea,7Bacteria,7and7Eukarya*
B. Archaea,7Prokaryota,7and7Eukaryota
C. Bacteria,7Fungi,7and7Protista
D. Bacteria,7Prokaryota,7and7Eukarya
Difficulty:7Easy7AS
M7Standard:7N/A
8. Which7two7taxonomic7units7are7typically7used7to7identify7an7organism7when7using7binom
ial7nomenclature?
A. domain7and7kingdom
B. genus7and7family
C. genus7and7species*
D. phylum7and7class
Difficulty:7Easy7AS
M7Standard:7N/A
9. Which7of7the7following7is7not7true7about7the7process7of7fermentation?
A. It7can7help7preserve7foods,7preventing7spoilage.
B. It7converts7sugars7to7organic7acids,7alcohols,7and/or7gases7such7as7carbon7dioxide.
C. It7is7carried7out7exclusively7by7unicellular7eukaryotes7such7as7yeast.*
D. It7is7used7to7make7foods7such7as7cheese7and7bread.
Difficulty:7Moderate7AS
M7Standard:711,723,726
Page727of717
,OpenStax7Microbiology7Test7Ban
k7Chapter71:7An7Invisible7World
10. The7Romans7may7have7reduced7their7risk7of7waterborne7infectious7diseases7by7using7which
7of7the7following?
A. a7variety7of7pharmaceutical7products
B. aqueducts7and7a7sewer7system*
C. prophylactic7antibiotics
D. quarantine7of7people7with7leprosy
Difficulty:7Moderate
7ASM7Standard:723
11. For7which7of7the7following7is7Thucydides7known?
A. developing7an7effective7sewer7system7in7ancient7Greece,7helping7to7reduce7levels7
of7disease7in7cities
B. observing7microbes,7using7a7microscope,7for7the7first7time,7even7distinguishing7betwe
en7bacteria7and7fungi
C. proposing7that7disease7was7caused7by7microorganisms
D. realizing7that7people7who7had7been7infected7by7the7Athenian7plague7had7immunity
7to7reinfection*
Difficulty:7Moderate7A
SM7Standard:723,731
12. Ernst7Haeckel7proposed7a7classification7system7consisting7of7which7of7the7followi
ng7subgroups?
A. five7kingdoms
B. four7kingdoms*
C. two7domains7and7three7kingdoms
D. two7domains7and7five7kingdoms
Difficulty:7Moderate
7ASM7Standard:7N/
A
13. Viruses7not7included7in7phylogenetic7trees7for7which7of7the7following7reasons?
A. It7is7too7difficult7to7observe7their7characteristics.
B. They7are7acellular7and7nonliving.*
C. They7do7not7have7any7genes,7which7prevents7genetic7analysis.
D. They7lack7a7nucleus.
Difficulty:7Moderate
7ASM7Standard:75
14. Which7is7the7best7description7of7the7primary7purpose7of7a7phylogeny?
A. Phylogenies7show7all7the7alterative7names7for7each7species.
B. Phylogenies7show7all7the7common7names7for7each7species.
C. Phylogenies7show7evolutionary7relatedness7between7organisms.*
Page737of717
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k7Chapter71:7An7Invisible7World
D. Phylogenies7show7interactions7between7species7in7a7shared7habitat.
Difficulty:7Moderate
7ASM7Standard:75
15. Current7phylogenetic7analyses7include7which7of7the7following?
A. information7from7a7range7of7sources,7including7morphological,7genetic,7and7biochemic
al7data*
B. information7on7visible7similarities7only
C. information7regarding7how7to7classify7organisms7on7the7basis7of7external7morphologi
cal7characteristics7and7visible7behaviors
D. varied7morphological7and7structural7characteristics,7with7preference7for7leaving7historic
al7classifications7to7prevent7confusion
Difficulty:7Moderate
7ASM7Standard:75
16. Diatoms7are7classified7within7which7of7the7following7domains?
A. Archaea
B. Bacteria
C. Eukarya*
D. Prokaryota
Difficulty:7Moderate
7ASM7Standard:7N/
A
17. Horizontal7gene7transfer7involves7which7of7the7following?
A. any7transfer7of7genes7in7a7laboratory7setting
B. the7transfer7of7genes7from7a7virus7to7a7bacterium7or7vice7versa7but7not7any7other7for
m7of7gene7transfer
C. the7transfer7of7genes7from7one7individual7to7another,7including7from7one7species
7to7another,7but7not7from7parent7to7offspring*
D. the7transfer7of7genes7from7parent7to7offspring
Difficulty:7Moderate
7ASM7Standard:72,7
4
18. Bacteria7are7generally7identified7to7species7by7using7which7of7the7following?
A. a7combination7of7genetic,7biochemical,7and7microscopic7approaches*
B. a7combination7of7microscopic7and7physiological7approaches,7but7not7genetics
C. primarily7characteristics7such7as7motility7that7can7be7visualized7using7microscopy
D. primarily7morphological7characteristics7of7individual7cells
Difficulty:7Moderate7A
SM7Standard:734,736
Page747of717
