What is the goal of evidence-based medicine?
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a. Patient satisfaction with their care
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b. Positive impacts on the patients' outcomes
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c. Reduced length of stay and costs for the patient
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d. Improve the patient to provider experience - correct answer ✔b. Positive
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impacts of the patients' outcomes
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What is the first step of conducting a research study?
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a. Identify the population
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b. Perform a literature review
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c. Formulate the research problem
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d. Formulate a hypothesis - correct answer ✔c. Formulate the research problem
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What is the last step in the research process?
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a. Interpret results
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b. Perform data analysis
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c. Disseminate the findings
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d. Identify the methods oof data collection. - correct answer ✔c. Disseminate
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the findings
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,Which research design is more susceptible to biases?
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a. Qualitative
|
b. Quasi-experimental
|
c. Cohort
|
d. Cross-sectional - correct answer ✔a. Qualitative
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Which research design helps provide answers to the questions of who, what,
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when, where, and how associated with a particular research problem?
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a. Qualitative
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b. Cross-sectional
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c. Correlational
|
d. Descriptive - correct answer ✔d. Descriptive
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An observational study draws a conclusion by comparing subjects against a
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control group, in cases where the researcher has no control over the
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experiment. This study is a type of which research design?
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a. Correlational
|
b. Quasi-experimental
|
c. Longitudinal
|
d. Qualitative - correct answer ✔a. Correlational
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This type of study follows the same sample over time and makes repeated
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observations by interviewing at regular intervals or increments of time?
| | | | | | | | | |
a. Cross-sectional
|
b. Longitudinal
|
,c. Correlatiional
|
d. Cohort - correct answer ✔b. Longitudinal
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All of the following studies are considered clinical research except:
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a. Case reports
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b. Case control studies
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c. Systematic reviews
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d. Animal research - correct answer ✔d. Animal research
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Which study is the highest level of evidence?
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a. Meta-analysis
|
b. Randomized controlled double blind
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c. In vitro
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d. Case series - correct answer ✔a. Meta-analysis
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The probability of obtaining the observed values if the null hypothesis is true is
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
known as:
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a. Alpha|
b. P value
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c. Likelihood ratio
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d. Reliability - correct answer ✔b. P value
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If the alpha level for a study is set at 0.05 and the p value of the study was
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|found to be 0.01, what would one conclude from this finding?
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a. There is no statistical significance
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, b. There is no clinical significance
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c. There is statistical and clinical significance
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d. There is a statistical significance - correct answer ✔d. There is a statistical
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significance
|
A clinical study of the results of two different therapies for hypertension
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reports that the mean blood pressure using therapy A was less than that using
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
therapy B. The authors report a pp value oof < 0.05 for the difference between
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
the two therapies and statistical significance is confirmed. Which oof the
| | | | | | | | | | |
following represents the proper interpretation of this p value?
| | | | | | | | |
a. Therapy A is five times better than Therapy B
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b. There is less than a 5% probability that these results occurred by chance
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
alone
|
c. There is a 5% probability that therapy A lowers blood pressure
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d. The difference between therapy A and therapy B is 5% - correct answer ✔b.
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There is less than a 5% probability that these results occurred by chance alone.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction is a cellular response and considered a delayed
| | | | | | | | | | |
hypersensitivity reaction. T/F - correct answer ✔True
| | | | | | |
All of the following are associated with Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions
| | | | | | | | | |
except:
|
a. serum sickness
| |
b. angioedema
|
c. hay fever
| |
d. eczema
|
e allergic rhinitis
| |
| | | | | |
a. Patient satisfaction with their care
| | | | |
b. Positive impacts on the patients' outcomes
| | | | | |
c. Reduced length of stay and costs for the patient
| | | | | | | | |
d. Improve the patient to provider experience - correct answer ✔b. Positive
| | | | | | | | | | |
impacts of the patients' outcomes
| | | | |
What is the first step of conducting a research study?
| | | | | | | | |
a. Identify the population
| | |
b. Perform a literature review
| | | |
c. Formulate the research problem
| | | |
d. Formulate a hypothesis - correct answer ✔c. Formulate the research problem
| | | | | | | | | | |
What is the last step in the research process?
| | | | | | | |
a. Interpret results
| |
b. Perform data analysis
| | |
c. Disseminate the findings
| | |
d. Identify the methods oof data collection. - correct answer ✔c. Disseminate
| | | | | | | | | | |
the findings
| |
,Which research design is more susceptible to biases?
| | | | | | |
a. Qualitative
|
b. Quasi-experimental
|
c. Cohort
|
d. Cross-sectional - correct answer ✔a. Qualitative
| | | | | |
Which research design helps provide answers to the questions of who, what,
| | | | | | | | | | |
when, where, and how associated with a particular research problem?
| | | | | | | | | |
a. Qualitative
|
b. Cross-sectional
|
c. Correlational
|
d. Descriptive - correct answer ✔d. Descriptive
| | | | | |
An observational study draws a conclusion by comparing subjects against a
| | | | | | | | | |
control group, in cases where the researcher has no control over the
| | | | | | | | | | | |
experiment. This study is a type of which research design?
| | | | | | | | | |
a. Correlational
|
b. Quasi-experimental
|
c. Longitudinal
|
d. Qualitative - correct answer ✔a. Correlational
| | | | | |
This type of study follows the same sample over time and makes repeated
| | | | | | | | | | | |
observations by interviewing at regular intervals or increments of time?
| | | | | | | | | |
a. Cross-sectional
|
b. Longitudinal
|
,c. Correlatiional
|
d. Cohort - correct answer ✔b. Longitudinal
| | | | | |
All of the following studies are considered clinical research except:
| | | | | | | | |
a. Case reports
| |
b. Case control studies
| | |
c. Systematic reviews
| |
d. Animal research - correct answer ✔d. Animal research
| | | | | | | |
Which study is the highest level of evidence?
| | | | | | |
a. Meta-analysis
|
b. Randomized controlled double blind
| | | |
c. In vitro
| |
d. Case series - correct answer ✔a. Meta-analysis
| | | | | | |
The probability of obtaining the observed values if the null hypothesis is true is
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
known as:
| |
a. Alpha|
b. P value
| |
c. Likelihood ratio
| |
d. Reliability - correct answer ✔b. P value
| | | | | | |
If the alpha level for a study is set at 0.05 and the p value of the study was
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|found to be 0.01, what would one conclude from this finding?
| | | | | | | | | |
a. There is no statistical significance
| | | | |
, b. There is no clinical significance
| | | | |
c. There is statistical and clinical significance
| | | | | |
d. There is a statistical significance - correct answer ✔d. There is a statistical
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
significance
|
A clinical study of the results of two different therapies for hypertension
| | | | | | | | | | |
reports that the mean blood pressure using therapy A was less than that using
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
therapy B. The authors report a pp value oof < 0.05 for the difference between
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
the two therapies and statistical significance is confirmed. Which oof the
| | | | | | | | | | |
following represents the proper interpretation of this p value?
| | | | | | | | |
a. Therapy A is five times better than Therapy B
| | | | | | | | |
b. There is less than a 5% probability that these results occurred by chance
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
alone
|
c. There is a 5% probability that therapy A lowers blood pressure
| | | | | | | | | | |
d. The difference between therapy A and therapy B is 5% - correct answer ✔b.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
There is less than a 5% probability that these results occurred by chance alone.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction is a cellular response and considered a delayed
| | | | | | | | | | |
hypersensitivity reaction. T/F - correct answer ✔True
| | | | | | |
All of the following are associated with Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions
| | | | | | | | | |
except:
|
a. serum sickness
| |
b. angioedema
|
c. hay fever
| |
d. eczema
|
e allergic rhinitis
| |
