Biostatistics Final Exam with answers

What is biostatistics? - correct answer ✔Discipline concerned with the
| | | | | | | | |


treatment and analysis of numerical data derived from biological, biomedical,
| | | | | | | | | |


and health-related studies.
| | |




What is measurement? - correct answer ✔How we get our data... the
| | | | | | | | | | |


assignment of numbers of codes according to prior set-rules
| | | | | | | | |




What are the three disciplines of biostatistics? - correct answer ✔1. Improve
| | | | | | | | | | |


intellectual content of data.
| | | |




2. Organize data into a format that is understandable.
| | | | | | | |




3. Relies on tests of experience as standard of validity.
| | | | | | | | |




What is an observation? example? - correct answer ✔The unit upon which a
| | | | | | | | | | | |


measurement is made. ex: a person or a region.
| | | | | | | | |




What is a variable? - correct answer ✔A characteristic being measured.
| | | | | | | | | |




What is a value? - correct answer ✔A number or code that has been realized
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |




How do you set up a data table? - correct answer ✔Observations in rows
| | | | | | | | | | | | |




Variables in columns | | |




Values in the middle| | |

,When would you use a categorical scale? Example? - correct answer ✔When
| | | | | | | | | | |


there are two or more categories with no intrinsic ordering to the categories.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |


Example - gender, blood type, disease state.
| | | | | | |




When would you use an ordinal scale? Example? - correct answer ✔it puts
| | | | | | | | | | | |


observations into categories that can be ranked/ordered. Ex: cancer stages.
| | | | | | | | | |




When would you use a quantitative scale? Example? - correct answer ✔For
| | | | | | | | | | |


numeric values. Ex: height, weight, age.
| | | | | |




What is objectivity? - correct answer ✔The intent to measure things as they are
| | | | | | | | | | | | |


without shaping them to conform to a preconceived worldview.
| | | | | | | | |




What are the two forms of measurement errors? - correct answer ✔1.
| | | | | | | | | | |


Imprecision
| |




2. Bias
|




What is imprecision? - correct answer ✔The Inability to get the same result on
| | | | | | | | | | | | |


repeat.
|




What is reliability? - correct answer ✔Ability to replicate.
| | | | | | | |




What is bias? - correct answer ✔The tendency to overestimate or
| | | | | | | | | |


underestimate the true value.
| | | |

, What is validity? - correct answer ✔The ability to identify the true nature of
| | | | | | | | | | | | |


observation... when something is unbiased
| | | | |




What are two types of studies? - correct answer ✔Survey
| | | | | | | | |




Comparative (experimental and non experimental)
| | | |




What kind of sample entails equal chance in selection for generalization to the
| | | | | | | | | | | |



population? - correct answer ✔Simple random sample.
| | | | | | |




What are three cautions you must have when picking a sample? - correct
| | | | | | | | | | | |



answer ✔Undercoverage
| |




Volunteer bias |




Non response bias
| |




What is undercoverage? - correct answer ✔Groups in population are left out or
| | | | | | | | | | | |


underrepresented.
|




What is non response bias? - correct answer ✔Large percentage of sample
| | | | | | | | | | |


refuse or can't be contacted.
| | | | |




What is a probability sample? - correct answer ✔Sample in which each member
| | | | | | | | | | | |


of the population has a known probability of being selected int the sample.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |




What is a stratified random sample? - correct answer ✔It draws independent
| | | | | | | | | | |


SRS from within a relatively homogenous group.
| | | | | | | |