Logical Fallacies Study Guide with correct Answers
The Self-Evident Truth - Answer-is any statement that claims to need no definition or
proof.
/.The False or Weak Analogy - Answer-is a comparison (an analogy) that is not true or
is true in only the most tentative ways.
/.Begging the Question "Circular Reasoning" - Answer-is the fallacy of basing a
conclusion on a premise that has not yet been proven or agreed upon.
/.The Cum Hoc Fallacy - Answer-shows two events observed as occurring at the same
time, and one is therefore seen as causing the other.
/.The Post Hoc Fallacy - Answer-(is similar but post means "after") argues that because
one event happened after another event, it must have happened because of that earlier
event.
/.Hasty Generalities - Answer-occur whenever a person arrives at a general conclusion
based on too little evidence.
/.Sweeping Generalities - Answer-is similar to the Hasty Generality. It might be based
on data, but is too far reaching and does not account for variations in the data.
/.Loaded Question - Answer-laden with assumptions. They are designed to be
impossible to answer without making a concession of some kind.
/.Red Herring - Answer-This argument diverts attention from the true issues of a debate
by emphasizing irrelevant information.
/.Argument from Authority - Answer-one that places undue emphasis on the opinion of
the speaker or another presumed expert.
/.Guilt by Association - Answer-is a type of fallacy in which a speaker attempts to malign
an opponent by associating him or her with a negative concept.
/.Emotional Appeal - Answer-is a red herring fallacy in which a speaker attempts to
persuade an audience through emotional manipulation. The speaker relies heavily on a
pathetic appeal, to the neglect of logic.
/.Straw Man - Answer-The speaker avoids addressing an opponent's argument directly
by creating and attacking a dummy argument that does not accurately represent the
opponent's stance.
/.
The Self-Evident Truth - Answer-is any statement that claims to need no definition or
proof.
/.The False or Weak Analogy - Answer-is a comparison (an analogy) that is not true or
is true in only the most tentative ways.
/.Begging the Question "Circular Reasoning" - Answer-is the fallacy of basing a
conclusion on a premise that has not yet been proven or agreed upon.
/.The Cum Hoc Fallacy - Answer-shows two events observed as occurring at the same
time, and one is therefore seen as causing the other.
/.The Post Hoc Fallacy - Answer-(is similar but post means "after") argues that because
one event happened after another event, it must have happened because of that earlier
event.
/.Hasty Generalities - Answer-occur whenever a person arrives at a general conclusion
based on too little evidence.
/.Sweeping Generalities - Answer-is similar to the Hasty Generality. It might be based
on data, but is too far reaching and does not account for variations in the data.
/.Loaded Question - Answer-laden with assumptions. They are designed to be
impossible to answer without making a concession of some kind.
/.Red Herring - Answer-This argument diverts attention from the true issues of a debate
by emphasizing irrelevant information.
/.Argument from Authority - Answer-one that places undue emphasis on the opinion of
the speaker or another presumed expert.
/.Guilt by Association - Answer-is a type of fallacy in which a speaker attempts to malign
an opponent by associating him or her with a negative concept.
/.Emotional Appeal - Answer-is a red herring fallacy in which a speaker attempts to
persuade an audience through emotional manipulation. The speaker relies heavily on a
pathetic appeal, to the neglect of logic.
/.Straw Man - Answer-The speaker avoids addressing an opponent's argument directly
by creating and attacking a dummy argument that does not accurately represent the
opponent's stance.
/.
