NUR 211 Final
facture -
Break in the continuity of a bone
Fracture is Most Common in : -
Patients who have experienced trauma and older adults
Long Bone Early Complications -
Fat Embolus
DVT
Compartment Syndrome
Compartment syndrome -
occurs when swelling causes increased pressure leading to decreased blood flow
and potential muscle and nerve damage... EMERGENT
For long bone fracture you should monitor -
Pulses and Temp.
Closed Fracture (SImple Fracture) -
Fracture is with in the skin, muscle and fascia
Open Fracture (Compound Fx) -
Fracture penetrates the skin, muscle, fascia
Transverse fracture -
Occurs at right angle of bone axis
Linear fracture -
fracture occurs parallel to bone axis
Nondisplaced Fracture (stable Fracture) -
Broken ends of the bone remain aligned
Displaced fracture (Compound) -
Broken ends of bone do not align requires immediate attention.
Spiral -
Fracture Spirals around bone, common in sports and children
Green Stick -
bone fragments still partially join, children affected
communuted fracture -
break or splinter of the bone into more than 2 fragments, such as high-impact
trauma (MVA)
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,Greenstick -
xray will show fracture on only one side but the other side will look normal.
3 Stages of Healing -
-Inflammatory/Reactive Phase
-Reparative Phase
-Remodeling Phase
Signs and Symptoms of Compartment Syndrome -
Reduce Blood Flow
Increases Blood Pressure
Monitor Temperature of Limb
Monitor Distal Pulses
Tenderness
Edema
SHOB
5 p's (pain, pulse, pallor, paranesthesia, paralysis)
Fat embolus can form when -
can form when a long bone is fractured and fat cells from yellow bone marrow
are released into the blood.
Fat embolus can lead to -
PE (signs include increased heart rate, increased respiratory rate, SHOB)
Hip Fx what should the nurse do? -
Teach:
Do not cross Legs
Use Abduction Pillow
Roll patient when moving or changing brief
Elevate HOB to 90 degrees
Risk factors of Hip Fracture -
Age
Female
History of Osteoporosis
Traumatic Hip Fx -
-One leg will be shorter
-acute pain
-deformed
-xray will not show fracture
Most common type of hip fracture -
intertrochanter
Complication of Hip fracture that can lead to PE -
Fat Emboli (CP increased HR and RR, Hypoxia)
Strains -
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, Stretching or tearing of tendons
Sprain -
Stretching or tearing of ligaments
Contusion -
Swollen or discolored Muscle Injury
Treatment of Strains, Sprains and Contusions -
RICE
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation
POLICE
Protection
Optimal
Load
Ice
Compression
Elevation
Dislocation Treatment -
-Keep Injury Stable
-Stay ahead of the pain
-avoid opioid overdose, rehab
Signs and symptoms of inadequate pain management -
diaphoresis
Increased heart Rate
Increased Blood Pressure
Complications of Fractures -
Avascular necrosis of bone
Compartment Syndrome
Fat Emboli
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Bone Fractures Manifestations -
Pain
Fracture on XRay
Swelling
Deformity
Numbness
Loss of Blood
Creapitus
Bone Fractures Treatment -
Immobilization (cast/traction)
3|Page
facture -
Break in the continuity of a bone
Fracture is Most Common in : -
Patients who have experienced trauma and older adults
Long Bone Early Complications -
Fat Embolus
DVT
Compartment Syndrome
Compartment syndrome -
occurs when swelling causes increased pressure leading to decreased blood flow
and potential muscle and nerve damage... EMERGENT
For long bone fracture you should monitor -
Pulses and Temp.
Closed Fracture (SImple Fracture) -
Fracture is with in the skin, muscle and fascia
Open Fracture (Compound Fx) -
Fracture penetrates the skin, muscle, fascia
Transverse fracture -
Occurs at right angle of bone axis
Linear fracture -
fracture occurs parallel to bone axis
Nondisplaced Fracture (stable Fracture) -
Broken ends of the bone remain aligned
Displaced fracture (Compound) -
Broken ends of bone do not align requires immediate attention.
Spiral -
Fracture Spirals around bone, common in sports and children
Green Stick -
bone fragments still partially join, children affected
communuted fracture -
break or splinter of the bone into more than 2 fragments, such as high-impact
trauma (MVA)
1|Page
,Greenstick -
xray will show fracture on only one side but the other side will look normal.
3 Stages of Healing -
-Inflammatory/Reactive Phase
-Reparative Phase
-Remodeling Phase
Signs and Symptoms of Compartment Syndrome -
Reduce Blood Flow
Increases Blood Pressure
Monitor Temperature of Limb
Monitor Distal Pulses
Tenderness
Edema
SHOB
5 p's (pain, pulse, pallor, paranesthesia, paralysis)
Fat embolus can form when -
can form when a long bone is fractured and fat cells from yellow bone marrow
are released into the blood.
Fat embolus can lead to -
PE (signs include increased heart rate, increased respiratory rate, SHOB)
Hip Fx what should the nurse do? -
Teach:
Do not cross Legs
Use Abduction Pillow
Roll patient when moving or changing brief
Elevate HOB to 90 degrees
Risk factors of Hip Fracture -
Age
Female
History of Osteoporosis
Traumatic Hip Fx -
-One leg will be shorter
-acute pain
-deformed
-xray will not show fracture
Most common type of hip fracture -
intertrochanter
Complication of Hip fracture that can lead to PE -
Fat Emboli (CP increased HR and RR, Hypoxia)
Strains -
2|Page
, Stretching or tearing of tendons
Sprain -
Stretching or tearing of ligaments
Contusion -
Swollen or discolored Muscle Injury
Treatment of Strains, Sprains and Contusions -
RICE
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation
POLICE
Protection
Optimal
Load
Ice
Compression
Elevation
Dislocation Treatment -
-Keep Injury Stable
-Stay ahead of the pain
-avoid opioid overdose, rehab
Signs and symptoms of inadequate pain management -
diaphoresis
Increased heart Rate
Increased Blood Pressure
Complications of Fractures -
Avascular necrosis of bone
Compartment Syndrome
Fat Emboli
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Bone Fractures Manifestations -
Pain
Fracture on XRay
Swelling
Deformity
Numbness
Loss of Blood
Creapitus
Bone Fractures Treatment -
Immobilization (cast/traction)
3|Page
