Section 1: Unit 1 – Chemistry of Life
Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs)
1. What property of water allows it to resist changes in temperature?
• A. Adhesion
• B. Cohesion
• C. High specific heat
• D. Solvent properties
(Answer: C)
2. Which macromolecule contains nitrogen as a key element?
• A. Carbohydrates
• B. Proteins
• C. Lipids
• D. Phospholipids
(Answer: B)
3. Water is known as a universal solvent. Why?
• A. Its ability to dissolve nonpolar molecules.
• B. Its ionic bonds.
• C. Its polarity and hydrogen bonds.
• D. Its neutral pH.
(Answer: C)
. What type of bond is formed between two monosaccharides during dehydration
4
synthesis?
• A. Peptide bond
• B. Glycosidic bond
• C. Hydrogen bond
• D. Ionic bond
(Answer: B)
5. Which level of protein structure is defined by the sequence of amino acids?
• A. Primary
• B. Secondary
• C. Tertiary
, • D. Quaternary
(Answer: A)
6. Which type of lipid is the primary component of cell membranes?
• A. Triglycerides
• B. Steroids
• C. Phospholipids
• D. Waxes
(Answer: C)
. What property of water contributes to its ability to move up through plants in
7
transpiration?
• A. Low heat of vaporization
• B. High density
• C. Cohesion and adhesion
• D. Its polarity
(Answer: C)
8. Which macromolecule serves as the main energy source for cells?
• A. Lipids
• B. Proteins
• C. Carbohydrates
• D. Nucleic acids
(Answer: C)
9. Which property of water helps maintain stable environments for aquatic organisms?
• A. High heat capacity
• B. Neutral pH
• C. Transparency
• D. Adhesion
(Answer: A)
10. A nucleotide is composed of:
• A. Amino acid, phosphate group, and lipid
• B. Sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base
• C. Sugar, amino acid, and nitrogenous base
, • D. Fatty acid, sugar, and phosphate group
( Answer: B)
Free-Response Questions (FRQs)
.
1 Explain how the polarity of water contributes to its properties as a solvent and its role
in living organisms.
.
2 Describe the structure and function of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic
acids.
.
3 Compare and contrast the processes of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis in
macromolecules.
4. Design an experiment to test the effect of temperature on enzyme activity.
Section 1: Unit 2 – Cell Structure and Function
Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs)
1. Which organelle is primarily involved in producing ATP through cellular respiration?
• A. Nucleus
• B. Chloroplast
• C. Mitochondrion
• D. Ribosome
(Answer: C)
2. What is the primary function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
• A. Protein synthesis
• B. Lipid synthesis
• C. DNA replication
• D. Photosynthesis
(Answer: B)
3. Which cellular structure regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell?
• A. Cell wall
• B. Plasma membrane
• C. Nucleus
• D. Ribosome
(Answer: B)
4. What organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion?
Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs)
1. What property of water allows it to resist changes in temperature?
• A. Adhesion
• B. Cohesion
• C. High specific heat
• D. Solvent properties
(Answer: C)
2. Which macromolecule contains nitrogen as a key element?
• A. Carbohydrates
• B. Proteins
• C. Lipids
• D. Phospholipids
(Answer: B)
3. Water is known as a universal solvent. Why?
• A. Its ability to dissolve nonpolar molecules.
• B. Its ionic bonds.
• C. Its polarity and hydrogen bonds.
• D. Its neutral pH.
(Answer: C)
. What type of bond is formed between two monosaccharides during dehydration
4
synthesis?
• A. Peptide bond
• B. Glycosidic bond
• C. Hydrogen bond
• D. Ionic bond
(Answer: B)
5. Which level of protein structure is defined by the sequence of amino acids?
• A. Primary
• B. Secondary
• C. Tertiary
, • D. Quaternary
(Answer: A)
6. Which type of lipid is the primary component of cell membranes?
• A. Triglycerides
• B. Steroids
• C. Phospholipids
• D. Waxes
(Answer: C)
. What property of water contributes to its ability to move up through plants in
7
transpiration?
• A. Low heat of vaporization
• B. High density
• C. Cohesion and adhesion
• D. Its polarity
(Answer: C)
8. Which macromolecule serves as the main energy source for cells?
• A. Lipids
• B. Proteins
• C. Carbohydrates
• D. Nucleic acids
(Answer: C)
9. Which property of water helps maintain stable environments for aquatic organisms?
• A. High heat capacity
• B. Neutral pH
• C. Transparency
• D. Adhesion
(Answer: A)
10. A nucleotide is composed of:
• A. Amino acid, phosphate group, and lipid
• B. Sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base
• C. Sugar, amino acid, and nitrogenous base
, • D. Fatty acid, sugar, and phosphate group
( Answer: B)
Free-Response Questions (FRQs)
.
1 Explain how the polarity of water contributes to its properties as a solvent and its role
in living organisms.
.
2 Describe the structure and function of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic
acids.
.
3 Compare and contrast the processes of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis in
macromolecules.
4. Design an experiment to test the effect of temperature on enzyme activity.
Section 1: Unit 2 – Cell Structure and Function
Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs)
1. Which organelle is primarily involved in producing ATP through cellular respiration?
• A. Nucleus
• B. Chloroplast
• C. Mitochondrion
• D. Ribosome
(Answer: C)
2. What is the primary function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
• A. Protein synthesis
• B. Lipid synthesis
• C. DNA replication
• D. Photosynthesis
(Answer: B)
3. Which cellular structure regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell?
• A. Cell wall
• B. Plasma membrane
• C. Nucleus
• D. Ribosome
(Answer: B)
4. What organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion?
