Biology; Macromolecules( Trials and correct solutions) Mid-term exam ,Fully reviewed) 2025 version

What are the four Macromolecules? - answer-Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids The Monomer of Carbohydrates - answer-Monosaccharides (Galactose, Glucose or Fructose) The Monomer of Proteins - answer-Amino Acids The Monomer of Nucleic Acids - answer-Nucleotides The Monomer of Lipids - answer-Glycerol and Fatty Acid Chains (2-3) The Function of Carbohydrates - answer-Short-term or immediate Energy Source The Function of Lipids - answer-Long-term Energy Source The Function of Nucleic Acids - answer-Store and Transmit your Genetic Information The Function of Proteins - answer-1. Controls the Rates of Reactions 2. Fights Diseases 3. Forms Cell Structures 4. Regulates Cell Processes 5. Transports stuff In/Out of the Cell Examples of Carbohydrates - answer-Monosaccharides - Glucose, Fructose Disaccharides Polysaccharides monosaccharides - answer-glucose, fructose disaccharides examples - answer-sucrose (glucose + fructose) maltose (glucose + glucose) lactose (galactose + glucose) examples of polysaccharides - answer-glycogen, starch, and cellulose Examples of Lipids - answer-Fats, Oils, Waxes, Lipid Steroids (cholesterol), triglycerides, phospholipids Examples of Proteins - answer-Enzymes, Hormones, Antibodies, Hemoglobin, Collagen, keratin Examples of Nucleic Acids - answer-DNA and RNA organic - answer-a molecule that contains carbon hydrogen bonds Four groups of organic molecules - answer-Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids 1.A. What are the major elements of life? - answer-Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, and nitrogen. 1.B. What properties of carbon explain carbon's ability to different large and complex structures? - answer-Carbon can bond to itself, has 4 valence electrons, causing strong covalent bonds to occur between carbon and another element. 2.A. Name four groups of organic compounds found in living things. - answer-Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. 2.B. Describe at least one function of each group of organic compound. - answer-Carbohydrates: main source of energy for plants and animals; proteins: regulation of cellular transportation of materials, cellular processes, formation of structures, and anti-bodies; lipids: storage of energy; storage or transmission of genetic information. 2.C. Why are proteins considered polymers but lipids not? - answer-Proteins have long chains of monomers, but lipids do NOT made up of components that make up a chain. 3.A. What atoms constitute the compound above? - answer-Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. 3.B. What class of macromolecule does the compound belong to? - answer-Carbohydrates dehydration synthesis - answer-forms polymers and a water molecule hydrolysis - answer-Divides a polymer into monomers through the addition of water Where do macromolecules get energy? - answer-macromolecules get energy from bonds polymer - answer-result of many monomers linking together (protein or peptide and amino acids or polypeptide) What makes up proteins? - answer-polymers made of amino acids (50-500 chains long) amino acid is also known as a...? - answer-peptide or protein What are nucleic acids made up of? - answer-hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus monomer - answer-single molecule; small chemical unit that makes up a polymer 2 monosaccharides - answer-disaccharide Key ideas - answer--All macromolecules are formed through dehydration synthesis -all covalent bonds -water breaks bonds and gives off energy through hydrolysis hydrolysis - answer-Requires water and releases energy Taking molecules apart Which is the only macromolecule that isn't a polymer - answer-lipid What does "acid" indicate? - answer-hydrogen ion is present Elements present in carbohydrates - answer-Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Elements present in proteins - answer-Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Elements present in lipids - answer-Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Elements present in nucleic acids - answer-Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorus Other name for Carbohydrate - answer-saccharides monosaccharide diagram of glucose - answer- disaccharide diagram of sucrose - answer- polysaccharide diagram of amylose - answer- amino acid structure - answer- diagram of saturated - answer- diagram of unsaturated - answer- diagram of nucleotide - answer- Dipeptides - answer-two amino acids joined together by a peptide bond Nitrogen bases in DNA - answer-Adenine Guanine Thymine Cytosine polymer and amino acid relationship - answer-Polymer is a protein aka peptide Lots of amino acids linked together Triglycerides - answer- carbohydrate structure - answer- Saturated - answer-Fatty acid consists of single bonds Unsaturated - answer-Fatty acid contains double bonds Which macromolecule speeds up chemical reactions? - answer-Protein (enzyme)