FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS AND SKILLS FOR NURSING QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS
idiopathic - ✔✔ no known cause
Etiology - ✔✔ cause of disease
Wellness - ✔✔ physical and mental well-being
convalescence - ✔✔ gradual recovery after an illness and regaining health
self-actualized - ✔✔ reaching one's full potential
asymptomatic - ✔✔ without symptoms
illness behavior - ✔✔ Any activity a person takes to determine her actual state of health and seek
a suitable remedy for a health problem
Health behavior - ✔✔ Can be defined as any action undertaken to promote help prevent disease
or Detect in an early stage
Coping - ✔✔ Adjusting to or accepting challenges
health literacy - ✔✔ Knowledge and skill making healthcare decisions
,Holistic - ✔✔ An approach that considers the persons biologic, psychological,sociological, and
spiritual aspects and needs
Stress - ✔✔ Biologic reactions to an adverse stimulus
hierarchy - ✔✔ The arrangement of objects,elements, or values in order of their
importance(Maslow 1970)
Stressor - ✔✔ (Adverse stimulus) may be mental,physical,or emotional and can come from
within the body or the environment
Autonomic - ✔✔ Not subject to voluntary control
Homeostasis - ✔✔ Tendency of biologic systems to maintain stability of the internal
environment
defense mechanisms - ✔✔ Strategies that protect us from increasing anxiety
Repression (defense mechanism) - ✔✔ Unconscious blocking of a wish or desire from conscious
awareness
Denial (defense mechanism) - ✔✔ - Refusing to acknowledge the existence of a real situation or
the feelings associated with it.
, EX: A women drinks alcohol every day and cannot stop, failing to acknowledge that she has a
problem.
projection (defense mechanism) - ✔✔ Attributing an unconscious impulse attitude or behavior to
someone else (blaming or scapegoating)
reaction formation (defense mechanism) - ✔✔ Intense feeling regarding an object,person, or
feeling is out of awareness and is unknowingly acted out consciously in an opposite manner
Regression (defense mechanism) - ✔✔ Returning to an earlier level of adaptation when severely
threatened
Rationalization (defense mechanism) - ✔✔ Unconsciously falsifying an experience by giving a
contrived socially acceptable and logical explanation to justify an unpleasant experience or
questionable behavior
Identification(Defense Mechanism) - ✔✔ Modeling behavior after someone else
displacement(defense mechanism) - ✔✔ Discharging intense feelings for one person on to
another object or person who is less threatening there by satisfying an impulse with the substitute
object
sublimation (defense mechanism) - ✔✔ Rechanneling an impulse into a more socially desirable
object
ANSWERS
idiopathic - ✔✔ no known cause
Etiology - ✔✔ cause of disease
Wellness - ✔✔ physical and mental well-being
convalescence - ✔✔ gradual recovery after an illness and regaining health
self-actualized - ✔✔ reaching one's full potential
asymptomatic - ✔✔ without symptoms
illness behavior - ✔✔ Any activity a person takes to determine her actual state of health and seek
a suitable remedy for a health problem
Health behavior - ✔✔ Can be defined as any action undertaken to promote help prevent disease
or Detect in an early stage
Coping - ✔✔ Adjusting to or accepting challenges
health literacy - ✔✔ Knowledge and skill making healthcare decisions
,Holistic - ✔✔ An approach that considers the persons biologic, psychological,sociological, and
spiritual aspects and needs
Stress - ✔✔ Biologic reactions to an adverse stimulus
hierarchy - ✔✔ The arrangement of objects,elements, or values in order of their
importance(Maslow 1970)
Stressor - ✔✔ (Adverse stimulus) may be mental,physical,or emotional and can come from
within the body or the environment
Autonomic - ✔✔ Not subject to voluntary control
Homeostasis - ✔✔ Tendency of biologic systems to maintain stability of the internal
environment
defense mechanisms - ✔✔ Strategies that protect us from increasing anxiety
Repression (defense mechanism) - ✔✔ Unconscious blocking of a wish or desire from conscious
awareness
Denial (defense mechanism) - ✔✔ - Refusing to acknowledge the existence of a real situation or
the feelings associated with it.
, EX: A women drinks alcohol every day and cannot stop, failing to acknowledge that she has a
problem.
projection (defense mechanism) - ✔✔ Attributing an unconscious impulse attitude or behavior to
someone else (blaming or scapegoating)
reaction formation (defense mechanism) - ✔✔ Intense feeling regarding an object,person, or
feeling is out of awareness and is unknowingly acted out consciously in an opposite manner
Regression (defense mechanism) - ✔✔ Returning to an earlier level of adaptation when severely
threatened
Rationalization (defense mechanism) - ✔✔ Unconsciously falsifying an experience by giving a
contrived socially acceptable and logical explanation to justify an unpleasant experience or
questionable behavior
Identification(Defense Mechanism) - ✔✔ Modeling behavior after someone else
displacement(defense mechanism) - ✔✔ Discharging intense feelings for one person on to
another object or person who is less threatening there by satisfying an impulse with the substitute
object
sublimation (defense mechanism) - ✔✔ Rechanneling an impulse into a more socially desirable
object
