Straighterline Intro to Nutrition Final Exam | Questions and Answers

Straighterline Intro to Nutrition Final Exam | Questions and Answers An overarching goal of Healthy People 2030 is to a. help people live free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death. b. implement a universal health care system. c. set standards for nutrient intakes in the United States. d. develop policies that promote physical activity among Americans of all ages. According to the Food and Health Survey, what is the leading factor that influences food purchases among American consumers? a. Healthfulness b. Convenience c. Price d. Taste Which of the following terms describes physiological (internal) influences that encourage us to find and eat food? a. Appetite b. Hunger c. Satiety d. Saturation Which of the following are substances in plant foods that cannot be digested in the stomach or small intestine? a. Starch b. Disaccharides c. Dietary fiber d. Simple sugars Which of the following is an essentialnutrient? a. Alcohol b. Carbohydrates c. Phytochemicals d. Zoochemicals A meal consisting of a cheeseburger, large fries, and a chocolate shake provides a total of 1120 kcal. If 40% of total kcal in this meal come from fat, how many grams of fat are in this meal? a. 64 grams b. 112 grams c. 448 grams d. 50 grams Which of the following is characteristic of lipids? a. Supplies 4 kcal per gram b. Adds structural strength to bones and muscles c. Supplies a concentrated form of fuel for the body d. Adds sweetness to food A serving of ranch salad dressing has 5 grams of fat. How many calories come from fat in 1 serving of ranch salad dressing? a. 5 kcal b. 20 kcal c. 25 kcal d. 45 kcal Which of the following includes all energy-yielding substances? a. Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, water b. Vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, lipids, protein c. Alcohol, carbohydrates, lipids, protein d. Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, vitamins, minerals, water Which of the following is a characteristic of vitamins? a. Provide energy b. Become structural components of the body c. Enable chemical processes in the body d. Made in sufficient quantities by the body Over the past several decades, the consumption of fluid milk in the United States has a. increased. b. decreased. c. remained the same. Which of the following individuals is engaging in binge drinking? a. A woman who drinks two 12-fl oz cans of beer while eating steamed crabs. b. A man who drinks four shots of whiskey at a bachelor party. c. A woman who drinks three 5-fl oz glasses of wine at a cocktail party. d. A man who drinks a six-pack of 12-fl oz bottles of beer at a cookout. By law, which of the following food items must display a Nutrition Facts label? a. Box of granola bars b. Navel oranges c. Fresh catfish fillet d. Fresh spinach Which of the following nutrient standards is referenced on the Nutrition Facts label of a box of breakfast cereal? a. Recommended Dietary Allowance b. Daily Value c. Adequate Intake d. Estimated Safe and Adequate Daily Dietary Intake Missy visits a doctor because she feels tired most of the time, is easily distracted, and feels chilled. As part of her examination, Missy has blood drawn to be tested for concentrations of nutrients and their by-products. This part of the examination is the a. anthropometric assessment. b. physical examination. c. biochemical evaluation. d. clinical examination. The MyPlate icon contains five food groups. In this icon, fruits and vegetables cover _____ of the plate. a. one-fourth b. half c. three-fourths d. all To calculate the number of calories from fat in one serving, multiply grams of fat by ______ kcal/g. a. 4 b. 7 c. 9 d. 2 Two tablespoons (tbsp) of salad dressing or peanut butter is about the size of a. a yoyo. b. a softball. c. a tennis ball. d. 2 dice. Glucose can be stored as glycogen in the a. liver and kidneys. b. liver and muscles. c. heart and kidneys. d. blood and lymph. Metabolic by-products of the microorganisms that live in and on the human body are called a. probiotics. b. postbiotics. c. prebiotics. d. synbiotics. Which of the following is a function of the lymphatic system? a. Production of urine b. Transport of dietary lipids c. Transport of water-soluble vitamins d. Metabolism of alcohol A chemical that allows for communication between one cell and another is a a. neurotransmitter. b. neuron. c. nephron. d. synapse. The food components that yield the highest percentage of calories from carbohydrates are a. corn flake-type cereal, rice, bread, and noodles. b. peas, broccoli, oatmeal, dry beans and other legumes. c. cream pies, French fries, and fat-free milk. d. table sugar, honey, jam, jelly, and fruit. _____ occurs when the cells do not respond to normal insulin signals to take up glucose from the bloodstream. a. Hypoglycemia b. Glycogen load c. Insulin resistance d. Metabolic syndrome The two forms of starch found in food are a. amylose and amylopectin. b. maltose and mannose. c. glycogen and glucagon. d. soluble and insoluble. As chylomicrons and VLDLs travel through the bloodstream, the triglycerides in these lipoproteins are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids by ______ lipase, which is attached to the blood vessel walls. a. lipoprotein b. pancreatic c. lingual d. lecithin Fat makes up nearly 100% of total kcal in which of the following food items? a. Roast beef b. Canola oil c. Whole milk d. Dark chocolate Which of the following is a function of fat? a. Traps water in food products b. Carrier of fat-soluble vitamins c. Best source of energy for the brain d. Carrier of proteins in the blood The Dietary Guidelines recommend that all Americans, starting at 2 years of age, should limit their saturated fat intake to ______ of total calories. a. 1% b. 5% c. 10% d. 35% The major function of adipose tissue is to a. maintain blood glucose. b. store energy. c. store bile. d. synthesize cholesterol. A vegetarian who excludes animal flesh but consumes milk and eggs is referred to as a(n) a. lacto vegetarian. b. lacto ovo vegetarian. c. vegan. d. ovo vegetarian. Kwashiorkor appears in children between the ages of 2 and 5 years. The reason is that a. growth needs are low. b. children have been weaned from breast milk to starchy gruels. c. by this time,adequate exposure to other children allows them to catch it. d. protein intake has been high for a long enough time to cause kidney damage. Jose is a sedentary male who weighs 176 pounds. What is his RDA for protein? a. 10 grams b. 27 grams c. 64 grams d. 80 grams In the typical American diet, most dietary protein comes from a. animal sources. b. plant sources. In the case of sickle cell anemia, slight alterations in the DNA code lead to a. defects in the membranes of red blood cells. b. changes in the structure of the protein hemoglobin. c. poor use of glucose for energy. d. inability of red blood cells to make protein. Which of the following statements about popular diets is incorrect? a. They promote quick weight loss that ends up being primarily water and lean muscle mass. b. They help people make permanent changes in eating habits and behaviors. c. They often recommend expensive supplements or meals. d. They often use personal testimonials from famous people to promote their product. Which of the following is correct about upper-body (android) obesity? a. It refers to obesity in the buttocks and thighs of the body. b. Low testosterone levels encourage it. c. A low waist-to-hip ratio is indicative of it. d. It is related to heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Carol eats 800 kcal a day to lose weight. She is 40 years old. Carol has been walking briskly 60 minutes daily for the past 2 months. When she was younger, she lifted weights, but she has lost considerable lean body mass over the years due to inactivity. Recently, Carol was diagnosed with hypothyroidism which lowers metabolism. Which of the following factors increases Carol's energy output and promotes weight loss? a. Her 800-kcal diet b. Her age c. Her loss of lean body mass d. Her walking routine For a woman who is 1.63 meters tall and weighs 72 kilograms, the body mass index would equal a. 18. b. 23. c. 27. d. 32. The best way to treat an underweight person is to advise him or her to a. eat high-fat foods such as heavy cream, cheeses, ice cream, and ground beef. b. stop exercising. c. eat energy-dense foods higher in plant fats like nuts and seeds. d. eat high-calorie foods at the beginning of each meal. The Supplement Facts label on dietary supplements resembles the ______ and is required on all dietary supplements. a. Nutrition Facts label on foods b. Drug Facts label on drugs c. Cosmetic Facts label on cosmetics d. Prescription Facts label on medications Accutane (an acne medication) is a derivative of vitamin a. A. b. E. c. C. d. D. Pantothenic acid is required for the synthesis of a. thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP). b. coenzyme Q (CoQ). c. coenzyme A (CoA). d. flavin mononucleotide(FMN). To protect bone health, vegans may require a supplemental source of vitamin a. A. b. C. c. D. d. K. Excessive use of vitamin E supplements could lead to a. uncontrolled bleeding. b. nausea. c. diarrhea. d. All of these choices are correct. Which of the following vitamins serves as an antioxidant in cell membranes? a. Vitamin K b. Vitamin D c. Niacin d. Vitamin E Which of the following vitamins is most readily excreted by the body? a. Vitamin B-6 b. Vitamin B-12 c. Vitamin D d. Thiamin A nutrient that has been deemed essential but has not been classified as a vitamin is a. ascorbic acid. b. beta-carotene. c. choline. d. resveratrol. Which of the following population groups has increased vitamin C requirements? a. Vegetarians b. Alcoholics c. Older adults d. Smokers Jason is a strict vegan. He should take a supplemental source of a. vitamin B-12. b. folate. c. vitamin C. d. vitamin A. Iron is best absorbed in its ______ form. a. heme b. nonheme c. synthetic d. coenzyme In general, the best sources of copper are found in the a. protein foods group. b. grains group. c. vegetables group. d. fruits group. All foods in their unprocessed form tend to be low in sodium except a. milk and dairy products. b. whole grains. c. legumes. d. fruits. The most effective strategy to reduce the risk for developing hypertension is to a. achieve and maintain a healthy weight. b. eat lots of prepackaged and canned foods. c. follow a low-carbohydrate, high protein dietary pattern. d. limit the use of salt at the table and during food preparation. After an intense workout, Christa's weight was down 3 pounds. To rehydrate adequately, Christa should drink ______ cups of water over the next hour or two. a. 1 to 2 b. 2 to 3 c. 4 to 6 d. 6 to 9 Water constitutes ______ percent of an adult's body weight. a. 10 to 20 b. 25 to 45 c. 50 to 70 d. 75 to 95 Metabolic water refers to a. rehydration beverages that contain electrolytes. b. water that is formed as a byproduct of the breakdown of macronutrients for energy. c. water that is conserved by the kidneys. d. fluids that are absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Water that is lost from the body via perspiration and respiration is sometimes called a. insensible water loss. b. sensible water loss. Which government agency regulates and monitors the safety of bottled water? a. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) b. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) c. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) d. All of these choices are correct. Carbohydrate loading may be most beneficial for athletes engaging in the following activities. a. Yoga, pilates, and relaxation exercises b. Marathons, cross-country skiing, and triathlons c. Baseball, jump rope, and track sprints d. Discus throwing, weight lifting, and interval training The FITT principle describes a. specific aspects to consider when designing a sound fitness program. b. the benefits of incorporating regular, moderate physical activity into one's lifestyle. c. a method of determining the intensity of exercises. d. the fluid needs of athletes before, during, and after a workout.