NR 293 Final Review Exam 1 Questions
With All Correct Answers.
Drug - Answer Any chemical that affects the physiologic processes of a living organism
Pharmacology - Answer The study or science of drugs
Chemical Name - Answer Describes the drug's chemical composition and molecular structure (not
usually used in nursing)
Generic Name - Answer Name given by the United States Adopted Names council. The universal name,
like ibuprofen or acetaminophen
Trade Name - Answer AKA proprietary name. The drug has a registered trademark, use of the name is
restricted by the drug's patent owner. Ex is Motrin and Advil, they are both ibuprofen
Pharmaceutics - Answer The study of how various drug forms influence the way in which the drug
affects the body.
Oral, rectal, transdermal, etc.
Pharmacodynamics - Answer The study of what the drug does to the body. The mechanism of drug
actions in living tissues and drug-receptor relationships
Pharmacotherapeutics - Answer The clinical use of drugs to prevent and treat disease. Defines
principles of drug actions- the cellular processes that change in response to the presence of drug
molecules. Drugs are organized into pharmacologic classes, like antihypertensives.
Ex: elderly taking baby aspirin to prevent strokes
Pharmacognosy - Answer The study of natural drug sources, like plants, animals and minerals.
,Pharmaceutic Properties - Answer Different drug dosage forms have different properties. Dosage form
determines the rate of drug dissolution. Enteric-coated tablets protect patients from stomach irritation.
Fastest Route of Oral Drug Absorption - Answer 1. Oral disintegration, buccal tabs, and oral soluble
wafers
2. Liquids, elixirs, and syrups
3. Suspension solutions
4. Powders
5. Capsules
6. Tablets
7. Coated tablets
8. Enteric-coated tabletes
Pharmacokinetics - Answer The study of what the body does to the drug. A drug's time to onset of
action, time to peak effect, and duration of action.
-Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion
Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - Answer Movement of a drug from its site of administration into the
bloodstream for distribution to the tissues.
Bioavailability - Answer A measure of the extent of drug absorption for a given drug and route. Giving a
med through the IV, you will have 100% of the med in the bloodstream, none is lost.
First-Pass Effect - Answer The initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed from the GI tract before
the drug reaches systemic circulation. If you give a PO med, the GI system digests, liver transforms, and
then it reaches the bloodstream. Not 100% of the med reaches the bloodstream, you lose some as it
travels.
Enteral Route of Drug Administration - Answer The drug is absorbed into the systemic circulation
through the oral or gastric mucosa or the small intestine. Types of enteral are oral, sublingual, buccal,
and rectal.
, Parenteral Route of Drug Administration - Answer Though an IV, IM, subcutaneous, intradermal,
intraarterial, intrathecal, and intraarticular
Topical Route of Drug Administration - Answer Skin, eyes, ears, nose, lungs, rectum, vagina
Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Answer The transport of a drug by the bloodstream to its site of
action. Protein-binding, water-soluble vs fat-soluble, blood-brain barrier.
Protein-Binding Drugs - Answer After you take the medication, it is in the blood attached to protein,
mainly albumin. When the drug binds to albumin, it works as a slow release, only the free unbound drug
is therapeutic. The bound drug is essentially inactive. Type of drugs that are protein-binding are blood
thinners. If a patient is deficient in albumin, there is a problem of too much free-drug.
Pharmacokinetics: Metabolism/Biotransformation - Answer The biochemical alteration of a drug into
an inactive metabolite, a more soluble compound, a more potent active metabolite, or a less active
metabolite. Transformed mainly in the liver, but also skeletal muscle, kidneys, lungs, plasma, intestinal
mucosa.
Factors the Decrease Metabolism - Answer Cardiovascular dysfunction, renal insufficiency, starvation,
obstructive jaundice, slow acetylator, and ketoconazole therapy
Factors the Increase Metabolism - Answer Fast acetylator, barbiturate therapy, rifampin therapy, and
phenytoin therapy
Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - Answer The elimination of drugs from the body by the kidneys (main
organ), liver, bowel
Drug Half-Life - Answer The time it takes for one half of the original amount of a drug to be removed
from the body. A measure of the rate at which a drug is removed from the body. Most drugs are
considered to be effectively removed after about 5 half-lives.
Steady State - Answer If you give medications around the clock, eventually the meds you give are equal
to the meds removed in half-life
With All Correct Answers.
Drug - Answer Any chemical that affects the physiologic processes of a living organism
Pharmacology - Answer The study or science of drugs
Chemical Name - Answer Describes the drug's chemical composition and molecular structure (not
usually used in nursing)
Generic Name - Answer Name given by the United States Adopted Names council. The universal name,
like ibuprofen or acetaminophen
Trade Name - Answer AKA proprietary name. The drug has a registered trademark, use of the name is
restricted by the drug's patent owner. Ex is Motrin and Advil, they are both ibuprofen
Pharmaceutics - Answer The study of how various drug forms influence the way in which the drug
affects the body.
Oral, rectal, transdermal, etc.
Pharmacodynamics - Answer The study of what the drug does to the body. The mechanism of drug
actions in living tissues and drug-receptor relationships
Pharmacotherapeutics - Answer The clinical use of drugs to prevent and treat disease. Defines
principles of drug actions- the cellular processes that change in response to the presence of drug
molecules. Drugs are organized into pharmacologic classes, like antihypertensives.
Ex: elderly taking baby aspirin to prevent strokes
Pharmacognosy - Answer The study of natural drug sources, like plants, animals and minerals.
,Pharmaceutic Properties - Answer Different drug dosage forms have different properties. Dosage form
determines the rate of drug dissolution. Enteric-coated tablets protect patients from stomach irritation.
Fastest Route of Oral Drug Absorption - Answer 1. Oral disintegration, buccal tabs, and oral soluble
wafers
2. Liquids, elixirs, and syrups
3. Suspension solutions
4. Powders
5. Capsules
6. Tablets
7. Coated tablets
8. Enteric-coated tabletes
Pharmacokinetics - Answer The study of what the body does to the drug. A drug's time to onset of
action, time to peak effect, and duration of action.
-Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion
Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - Answer Movement of a drug from its site of administration into the
bloodstream for distribution to the tissues.
Bioavailability - Answer A measure of the extent of drug absorption for a given drug and route. Giving a
med through the IV, you will have 100% of the med in the bloodstream, none is lost.
First-Pass Effect - Answer The initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed from the GI tract before
the drug reaches systemic circulation. If you give a PO med, the GI system digests, liver transforms, and
then it reaches the bloodstream. Not 100% of the med reaches the bloodstream, you lose some as it
travels.
Enteral Route of Drug Administration - Answer The drug is absorbed into the systemic circulation
through the oral or gastric mucosa or the small intestine. Types of enteral are oral, sublingual, buccal,
and rectal.
, Parenteral Route of Drug Administration - Answer Though an IV, IM, subcutaneous, intradermal,
intraarterial, intrathecal, and intraarticular
Topical Route of Drug Administration - Answer Skin, eyes, ears, nose, lungs, rectum, vagina
Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Answer The transport of a drug by the bloodstream to its site of
action. Protein-binding, water-soluble vs fat-soluble, blood-brain barrier.
Protein-Binding Drugs - Answer After you take the medication, it is in the blood attached to protein,
mainly albumin. When the drug binds to albumin, it works as a slow release, only the free unbound drug
is therapeutic. The bound drug is essentially inactive. Type of drugs that are protein-binding are blood
thinners. If a patient is deficient in albumin, there is a problem of too much free-drug.
Pharmacokinetics: Metabolism/Biotransformation - Answer The biochemical alteration of a drug into
an inactive metabolite, a more soluble compound, a more potent active metabolite, or a less active
metabolite. Transformed mainly in the liver, but also skeletal muscle, kidneys, lungs, plasma, intestinal
mucosa.
Factors the Decrease Metabolism - Answer Cardiovascular dysfunction, renal insufficiency, starvation,
obstructive jaundice, slow acetylator, and ketoconazole therapy
Factors the Increase Metabolism - Answer Fast acetylator, barbiturate therapy, rifampin therapy, and
phenytoin therapy
Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - Answer The elimination of drugs from the body by the kidneys (main
organ), liver, bowel
Drug Half-Life - Answer The time it takes for one half of the original amount of a drug to be removed
from the body. A measure of the rate at which a drug is removed from the body. Most drugs are
considered to be effectively removed after about 5 half-lives.
Steady State - Answer If you give medications around the clock, eventually the meds you give are equal
to the meds removed in half-life
