TEST BANK FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS
Eccentric tension - ✔✔ A type of muscle tension that helps control the speed and direction of
movement.
Isotonic contraction - ✔✔ A type of muscle contraction that results in movement, such as raising
or lowering a body part.
Concentric tension - ✔✔ Increased muscle contraction that causes muscle shortening, resulting
in movement.
Isometric contraction - ✔✔ A static contraction that causes an increase in muscle tension without
shortening or active movement of the muscle.
Scoliosis - ✔✔ A structural curvature of the spine associated with vertebral rotation.
Osteogenesis imperfecta - ✔✔ An inherited disorder that makes bones porous, short, bowed, and
deformed.
Osteomalacia - ✔✔ An uncommon metabolic disease characterized by inadequate and delayed
mineralization, resulting in compact and spongy bone.
Arthritis - ✔✔ An inflammatory joint disease characterized by inflammation or destruction of
the synovial membrane and articular cartilage.
Joint degeneration - ✔✔ Changes in articular cartilage combined with overgrowth of bone at the
articular ends, commonly affecting weight-bearing joints.
Base of support - ✔✔ The area beneath an object or person that includes every point of contact
that the object or person makes with the supporting surface.
, Center of gravity - ✔✔ The point at which the body's mass is evenly distributed in all directions.
Lumbar muscle group - ✔✔ The group of muscles around the lumbar vertebrae that are
commonly injured by twisting during the lifting of patients.
Synovial joints - ✔✔ Freely movable joints that are the most mobile, numerous, and
anatomically complex body joints.
Fibrous joints - ✔✔ Joints that fit closely together and are fixed, permitting little, if any,
movement.
Cartilaginous joints - ✔✔ Joints that have little movement but are elastic and use cartilage to
unite separate bony surfaces.
Proprioception - ✔✔ The awareness of the position of the body and its parts.
Semicircular canals - ✔✔ Three fluid-filled structures in the inner ear that help maintain balance.
Weight-bearing joints - ✔✔ Joints that are commonly affected by degenerative changes due to
joint degeneration.
Inflammatory joint disease - ✔✔ A condition characterized by inflammation or destruction of
the synovial membrane and articular cartilage.
Static contraction - ✔✔ Another term for isometric contraction, where there is no shortening or
active movement of the muscle.
Dynamic contraction - ✔✔ Muscle actions that involve movement, including both concentric
and eccentric contractions.
ANSWERS
Eccentric tension - ✔✔ A type of muscle tension that helps control the speed and direction of
movement.
Isotonic contraction - ✔✔ A type of muscle contraction that results in movement, such as raising
or lowering a body part.
Concentric tension - ✔✔ Increased muscle contraction that causes muscle shortening, resulting
in movement.
Isometric contraction - ✔✔ A static contraction that causes an increase in muscle tension without
shortening or active movement of the muscle.
Scoliosis - ✔✔ A structural curvature of the spine associated with vertebral rotation.
Osteogenesis imperfecta - ✔✔ An inherited disorder that makes bones porous, short, bowed, and
deformed.
Osteomalacia - ✔✔ An uncommon metabolic disease characterized by inadequate and delayed
mineralization, resulting in compact and spongy bone.
Arthritis - ✔✔ An inflammatory joint disease characterized by inflammation or destruction of
the synovial membrane and articular cartilage.
Joint degeneration - ✔✔ Changes in articular cartilage combined with overgrowth of bone at the
articular ends, commonly affecting weight-bearing joints.
Base of support - ✔✔ The area beneath an object or person that includes every point of contact
that the object or person makes with the supporting surface.
, Center of gravity - ✔✔ The point at which the body's mass is evenly distributed in all directions.
Lumbar muscle group - ✔✔ The group of muscles around the lumbar vertebrae that are
commonly injured by twisting during the lifting of patients.
Synovial joints - ✔✔ Freely movable joints that are the most mobile, numerous, and
anatomically complex body joints.
Fibrous joints - ✔✔ Joints that fit closely together and are fixed, permitting little, if any,
movement.
Cartilaginous joints - ✔✔ Joints that have little movement but are elastic and use cartilage to
unite separate bony surfaces.
Proprioception - ✔✔ The awareness of the position of the body and its parts.
Semicircular canals - ✔✔ Three fluid-filled structures in the inner ear that help maintain balance.
Weight-bearing joints - ✔✔ Joints that are commonly affected by degenerative changes due to
joint degeneration.
Inflammatory joint disease - ✔✔ A condition characterized by inflammation or destruction of
the synovial membrane and articular cartilage.
Static contraction - ✔✔ Another term for isometric contraction, where there is no shortening or
active movement of the muscle.
Dynamic contraction - ✔✔ Muscle actions that involve movement, including both concentric
and eccentric contractions.
