1. A client is prescribed clopidogrel after a myocardial infarction.
Which of the following is an important instruction to provide to the
patient?
A. "You should take this medication with milk to prevent
gastrointestinal upset."
B. "Avoid taking aspirin while on this medication unless directed by
your healthcare provider."
C. "You should stop the medication immediately if you develop a
headache."
D. "Clopidogrel will cure your heart disease."
Answer: B) "Avoid taking aspirin while on this medication unless
directed by your healthcare provider."
Rationale: Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet medication, and taking it
with aspirin increases the risk of bleeding. Patients should avoid this
combination unless advised by their healthcare provider.
2. A nurse is administering a dose of acetaminophen to a patient.
What is the maximum daily dose for an adult?
A. 1,000 mg
B. 3,000 mg
C. 4,000 mg
D. 6,000 mg
Answer: C) 4,000 mg
Rationale: The maximum recommended daily dose of acetaminophen
for an adult is 4,000 mg to avoid liver toxicity.
3. A nurse is administering furosemide to a patient. Which of the
following electrolyte imbalances should the nurse monitor for?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypoglycemia
Answer: B) Hypokalemia
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that promotes the excretion
of sodium, chloride, and water, and it can cause the loss of potassium,
leading to hypokalemia.
4. Which of the following is an example of a nonsteroidal anti-
inflammatory drug (NSAID)?
A. Prednisone
,B. Ibuprofen
C. Acetaminophen
D. Hydrocodone
Answer: B) Ibuprofen
Rationale: Ibuprofen is an NSAID that reduces inflammation, pain,
and fever by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. Prednisone
is a corticosteroid, acetaminophen is an analgesic, and hydrocodone
is an opioid analgesic.
5. What is the primary action of angiotensin-converting enzyme
(ACE) inhibitors?
A. Block the effects of aldosterone
B. Block the renin-angiotensin system
C. Increase sodium and water retention
D. Decrease potassium levels
Answer: B) Block the renin-angiotensin system
Rationale: ACE inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin I to
angiotensin II, leading to vasodilation, reduced blood pressure, and
decreased aldosterone release.
6. Which of the following is a major side effect of corticosteroid
therapy?
A. Hyperglycemia
B. Hypotension
C. Sedation
D. Hepatotoxicity
Answer: A) Hyperglycemia
Rationale: Corticosteroids like prednisone can increase blood glucose
levels, leading to hyperglycemia.
7. A patient has been prescribed azithromycin. The nurse should
teach the patient to take the medication in which of the following
ways?
A. "Take the medication with food to reduce gastrointestinal
irritation."
B. "Take the medication with a full glass of water on an empty
stomach."
C. "Take the medication with milk to enhance absorption."
D. "Take the medication just before bedtime for better effectiveness."
Answer: B) "Take the medication with a full glass of water on an
empty stomach."
Rationale: Azithromycin is most effectively absorbed when taken on
, an empty stomach, typically 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals.
Milk can interfere with absorption, so it is not recommended.
8. The nurse is administering morphine to a patient. Which of the
following is the most important assessment before giving this
medication?
A. Blood pressure
B. Heart rate
C. Respiratory rate
D. Temperature
Answer: C) Respiratory rate
Rationale: Morphine is an opioid that can cause respiratory
depression, so it is essential to assess the respiratory rate before
administration. Monitoring blood pressure and heart rate is also
important but less critical than respiratory rate.
9. A nurse is administering a dose of metformin to a patient with
type 2 diabetes. Which of the following should the nurse be aware of
in relation to this medication?
A. Metformin can cause significant weight gain.
B. Metformin can increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
C. Metformin is contraindicated in patients with renal impairment.
D. Metformin should be taken with high-protein meals for optimal
absorption.
Answer: C) Metformin is contraindicated in patients with renal
impairment.
Rationale: Metformin is contraindicated in patients with severe renal
impairment due to the increased risk of lactic acidosis. It should be
used with caution and monitored in patients with renal disease.
10. A nurse is teaching a patient about the use of warfarin. Which of
the following foods should the patient avoid or limit while taking
this medication?
A. Bananas
B. Green leafy vegetables
C. Citrus fruits
D. Dairy products
Answer: B) Green leafy vegetables
Rationale: Warfarin is an anticoagulant that works by inhibiting
vitamin K activity, which is essential for clotting. Green leafy
vegetables, which are high in vitamin K, can reduce the effectiveness
of warfarin and should be eaten in consistent amounts.
Which of the following is an important instruction to provide to the
patient?
A. "You should take this medication with milk to prevent
gastrointestinal upset."
B. "Avoid taking aspirin while on this medication unless directed by
your healthcare provider."
C. "You should stop the medication immediately if you develop a
headache."
D. "Clopidogrel will cure your heart disease."
Answer: B) "Avoid taking aspirin while on this medication unless
directed by your healthcare provider."
Rationale: Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet medication, and taking it
with aspirin increases the risk of bleeding. Patients should avoid this
combination unless advised by their healthcare provider.
2. A nurse is administering a dose of acetaminophen to a patient.
What is the maximum daily dose for an adult?
A. 1,000 mg
B. 3,000 mg
C. 4,000 mg
D. 6,000 mg
Answer: C) 4,000 mg
Rationale: The maximum recommended daily dose of acetaminophen
for an adult is 4,000 mg to avoid liver toxicity.
3. A nurse is administering furosemide to a patient. Which of the
following electrolyte imbalances should the nurse monitor for?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypoglycemia
Answer: B) Hypokalemia
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that promotes the excretion
of sodium, chloride, and water, and it can cause the loss of potassium,
leading to hypokalemia.
4. Which of the following is an example of a nonsteroidal anti-
inflammatory drug (NSAID)?
A. Prednisone
,B. Ibuprofen
C. Acetaminophen
D. Hydrocodone
Answer: B) Ibuprofen
Rationale: Ibuprofen is an NSAID that reduces inflammation, pain,
and fever by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. Prednisone
is a corticosteroid, acetaminophen is an analgesic, and hydrocodone
is an opioid analgesic.
5. What is the primary action of angiotensin-converting enzyme
(ACE) inhibitors?
A. Block the effects of aldosterone
B. Block the renin-angiotensin system
C. Increase sodium and water retention
D. Decrease potassium levels
Answer: B) Block the renin-angiotensin system
Rationale: ACE inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin I to
angiotensin II, leading to vasodilation, reduced blood pressure, and
decreased aldosterone release.
6. Which of the following is a major side effect of corticosteroid
therapy?
A. Hyperglycemia
B. Hypotension
C. Sedation
D. Hepatotoxicity
Answer: A) Hyperglycemia
Rationale: Corticosteroids like prednisone can increase blood glucose
levels, leading to hyperglycemia.
7. A patient has been prescribed azithromycin. The nurse should
teach the patient to take the medication in which of the following
ways?
A. "Take the medication with food to reduce gastrointestinal
irritation."
B. "Take the medication with a full glass of water on an empty
stomach."
C. "Take the medication with milk to enhance absorption."
D. "Take the medication just before bedtime for better effectiveness."
Answer: B) "Take the medication with a full glass of water on an
empty stomach."
Rationale: Azithromycin is most effectively absorbed when taken on
, an empty stomach, typically 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals.
Milk can interfere with absorption, so it is not recommended.
8. The nurse is administering morphine to a patient. Which of the
following is the most important assessment before giving this
medication?
A. Blood pressure
B. Heart rate
C. Respiratory rate
D. Temperature
Answer: C) Respiratory rate
Rationale: Morphine is an opioid that can cause respiratory
depression, so it is essential to assess the respiratory rate before
administration. Monitoring blood pressure and heart rate is also
important but less critical than respiratory rate.
9. A nurse is administering a dose of metformin to a patient with
type 2 diabetes. Which of the following should the nurse be aware of
in relation to this medication?
A. Metformin can cause significant weight gain.
B. Metformin can increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
C. Metformin is contraindicated in patients with renal impairment.
D. Metformin should be taken with high-protein meals for optimal
absorption.
Answer: C) Metformin is contraindicated in patients with renal
impairment.
Rationale: Metformin is contraindicated in patients with severe renal
impairment due to the increased risk of lactic acidosis. It should be
used with caution and monitored in patients with renal disease.
10. A nurse is teaching a patient about the use of warfarin. Which of
the following foods should the patient avoid or limit while taking
this medication?
A. Bananas
B. Green leafy vegetables
C. Citrus fruits
D. Dairy products
Answer: B) Green leafy vegetables
Rationale: Warfarin is an anticoagulant that works by inhibiting
vitamin K activity, which is essential for clotting. Green leafy
vegetables, which are high in vitamin K, can reduce the effectiveness
of warfarin and should be eaten in consistent amounts.
