1. The nurse is administering morphine to a patient. Which of the
following is the most important assessment before giving this
medication?
A. Blood pressure
B. Heart rate
C. Respiratory rate
D. Temperature
Answer: C) Respiratory rate
Rationale: Morphine is an opioid that can cause respiratory
depression, so it is essential to assess the respiratory rate before
administration. Monitoring blood pressure and heart rate is also
important but less critical than respiratory rate.
2. A nurse is caring for a patient receiving an oral anticoagulant.
Which of the following foods should the nurse advise the patient to
limit?
A. Spinach
B. Apples
C. Bananas
D. Oranges
Answer: A) Spinach
Rationale: Spinach is high in vitamin K, which can interfere with the
effectiveness of oral anticoagulants like warfarin.
3. A nurse is teaching a patient about taking levothyroxine. Which of
the following should be included in the teaching plan?
A. "Take this medication with food to reduce gastrointestinal
irritation."
B. "Take this medication on an empty stomach, preferably first thing
in the morning."
C. "This medication can be stopped once your thyroid function tests
are normal."
D. "You should avoid high-fiber foods while taking this medication."
Answer: B) "Take this medication on an empty stomach, preferably
first thing in the morning."
Rationale: Levothyroxine should be taken on an empty stomach to
ensure maximum absorption. It should be taken 30–60 minutes
before breakfast.
4. What is the primary action of diuretics in the treatment of
,hypertension?
A. Increase potassium retention
B. Increase sodium excretion
C. Increase blood volume
D. Increase renal perfusion
Answer: B) Increase sodium excretion
Rationale: Diuretics work by increasing sodium excretion, which
leads to a reduction in fluid volume and blood pressure.
5. Which of the following drug classes is commonly used to treat
hypertension and prevent heart failure symptoms?
A. Beta-blockers
B. Diuretics
C. Calcium channel blockers
D. Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
Answer: A) Beta-blockers
Rationale: Beta-blockers decrease heart rate and reduce blood
pressure, helping to manage hypertension and prevent heart failure
symptoms.
6. Which of the following medications is most likely to cause
photosensitivity as a side effect?
A. Ibuprofen
B. Tetracycline
C. Lisinopril
D. Furosemide
Answer: B) Tetracycline
Rationale: Tetracycline, a class of antibiotics, is known to increase
the skin's sensitivity to sunlight, leading to an increased risk of
sunburn or rash upon exposure to sunlight.
7. A patient with diabetes is prescribed an SGLT-2 inhibitor. What
is the most common side effect associated with this drug class?
A. Hypoglycemia
B. Dehydration
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Weight loss
Answer: B) Dehydration
Rationale: SGLT-2 inhibitors increase urinary glucose excretion,
leading to osmotic diuresis, which can cause dehydration as a
common side effect.
, 8. Which of the following is the most common side effect of
antihistamines?
A. Diarrhea
B. Drowsiness
C. Increased heart rate
D. Increased blood pressure
Answer: B) Drowsiness
Rationale: Many antihistamines, particularly first-generation agents
like diphenhydramine, cause drowsiness as they cross the blood-
brain barrier and block histamine receptors in the brain.
9. Which of the following medications can cause a disulfiram-like
reaction when taken with alcohol
A. Metronidazole
B. Azithromycin
C. Amoxicillin
D. Ciprofloxacin
Answer: A) Metronidazole
Rationale: Metronidazole, when taken with alcohol, can cause a
disulfiram-like reaction, leading to symptoms like nausea, vomiting,
flushing, and headache.
10. client has been prescribed a beta-blocker for hypertension. Which
of the following is the expected outcome of beta-blocker therapy?
A. Decreased heart rate
B. Increased blood pressure
C. Increased heart rate
D. Increased blood glucose levels
Answer: A) Decreased heart rate
Rationale: Beta-blockers work by blocking the effects of epinephrine,
which results in a decreased heart rate and lowered blood pressure.
11. A nurse is teaching a patient who is prescribed hydrocodone.
Which of the following should be included in the teaching plan?
A. "You may experience increased alertness and should be able to
drive."
B. "Avoid drinking alcohol while taking this medication."
C. "It is safe to take hydrocodone with other over-the-counter pain
medications."
D. "It is best to take this medication before bed to reduce
drowsiness."
Answer: B) "Avoid drinking alcohol while taking this medication."
following is the most important assessment before giving this
medication?
A. Blood pressure
B. Heart rate
C. Respiratory rate
D. Temperature
Answer: C) Respiratory rate
Rationale: Morphine is an opioid that can cause respiratory
depression, so it is essential to assess the respiratory rate before
administration. Monitoring blood pressure and heart rate is also
important but less critical than respiratory rate.
2. A nurse is caring for a patient receiving an oral anticoagulant.
Which of the following foods should the nurse advise the patient to
limit?
A. Spinach
B. Apples
C. Bananas
D. Oranges
Answer: A) Spinach
Rationale: Spinach is high in vitamin K, which can interfere with the
effectiveness of oral anticoagulants like warfarin.
3. A nurse is teaching a patient about taking levothyroxine. Which of
the following should be included in the teaching plan?
A. "Take this medication with food to reduce gastrointestinal
irritation."
B. "Take this medication on an empty stomach, preferably first thing
in the morning."
C. "This medication can be stopped once your thyroid function tests
are normal."
D. "You should avoid high-fiber foods while taking this medication."
Answer: B) "Take this medication on an empty stomach, preferably
first thing in the morning."
Rationale: Levothyroxine should be taken on an empty stomach to
ensure maximum absorption. It should be taken 30–60 minutes
before breakfast.
4. What is the primary action of diuretics in the treatment of
,hypertension?
A. Increase potassium retention
B. Increase sodium excretion
C. Increase blood volume
D. Increase renal perfusion
Answer: B) Increase sodium excretion
Rationale: Diuretics work by increasing sodium excretion, which
leads to a reduction in fluid volume and blood pressure.
5. Which of the following drug classes is commonly used to treat
hypertension and prevent heart failure symptoms?
A. Beta-blockers
B. Diuretics
C. Calcium channel blockers
D. Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
Answer: A) Beta-blockers
Rationale: Beta-blockers decrease heart rate and reduce blood
pressure, helping to manage hypertension and prevent heart failure
symptoms.
6. Which of the following medications is most likely to cause
photosensitivity as a side effect?
A. Ibuprofen
B. Tetracycline
C. Lisinopril
D. Furosemide
Answer: B) Tetracycline
Rationale: Tetracycline, a class of antibiotics, is known to increase
the skin's sensitivity to sunlight, leading to an increased risk of
sunburn or rash upon exposure to sunlight.
7. A patient with diabetes is prescribed an SGLT-2 inhibitor. What
is the most common side effect associated with this drug class?
A. Hypoglycemia
B. Dehydration
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Weight loss
Answer: B) Dehydration
Rationale: SGLT-2 inhibitors increase urinary glucose excretion,
leading to osmotic diuresis, which can cause dehydration as a
common side effect.
, 8. Which of the following is the most common side effect of
antihistamines?
A. Diarrhea
B. Drowsiness
C. Increased heart rate
D. Increased blood pressure
Answer: B) Drowsiness
Rationale: Many antihistamines, particularly first-generation agents
like diphenhydramine, cause drowsiness as they cross the blood-
brain barrier and block histamine receptors in the brain.
9. Which of the following medications can cause a disulfiram-like
reaction when taken with alcohol
A. Metronidazole
B. Azithromycin
C. Amoxicillin
D. Ciprofloxacin
Answer: A) Metronidazole
Rationale: Metronidazole, when taken with alcohol, can cause a
disulfiram-like reaction, leading to symptoms like nausea, vomiting,
flushing, and headache.
10. client has been prescribed a beta-blocker for hypertension. Which
of the following is the expected outcome of beta-blocker therapy?
A. Decreased heart rate
B. Increased blood pressure
C. Increased heart rate
D. Increased blood glucose levels
Answer: A) Decreased heart rate
Rationale: Beta-blockers work by blocking the effects of epinephrine,
which results in a decreased heart rate and lowered blood pressure.
11. A nurse is teaching a patient who is prescribed hydrocodone.
Which of the following should be included in the teaching plan?
A. "You may experience increased alertness and should be able to
drive."
B. "Avoid drinking alcohol while taking this medication."
C. "It is safe to take hydrocodone with other over-the-counter pain
medications."
D. "It is best to take this medication before bed to reduce
drowsiness."
Answer: B) "Avoid drinking alcohol while taking this medication."
