animal science

, Pharmacology
general Pharmacology , Drug Administration and calculations
,




Pharmacokineties -

is influenced by the manner

drug itself
in which the

and by properties of the .
drug is given the

Examples :
-
Oral (PO)
-
Intravenous (IV)
-
Intramuscular (1m)
-

subcutaneous /SQ or SC)
Other parenteral (or injectable) routes used less frequently are

Intradermal (ID), which is an injection into the skin, used for testing for allergies

Intraperitoneal (IP), which is an injection into the abdominal cavity

Intraarterial (IA), which is an injection into an artery

Intraarticular, which is an injection into a joint

Intracardiac, which is an injection into the heart (This method is often used for euthanasia [killing the
animal] and for cardiopulmonary resuscitation [CPR].)

Intramedullary, which is an injection into the bone marrow cavity

Epidural/subdural, which is an injection into the spine (epidural) or near the spine (subdural)




Transdermal or topical drugs are placed on the suin .


Oxidation (the loss of electrons in the drug’s chemical makeup)

Reduction (the gain of electrons in the drug’s chemical makeup)

Hydrolysis (the splitting of the drug’s molecule and the addition of water molecules to each split portion)

Conjugation (joining together two compounds [the drug molecule and glucuronic acid] to make another
compound that dissolves more quickly in water)