NREMT PARAMEDIC. QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE
ANSWERS
what is HHNK? Accurate Answer - Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Non-
ketosis coma, complication of DM Type 2. S&S of DKA but no fruity breath or
kussmauls breathing.
what are the two types of immunity? Accurate Answer - natural and
acquired
what type of reaction is an allergic reaction? what type of protein is the
antibody? *high pt* Accurate Answer - antigen-antibody reaction. IgE
immunoglobulins
When histamine is released, what is the affect on the body? Accurate
Answer - vasodilator, increases capillary permeability, bronchoconstriction
what are S&S of anaphylactic reaction? Accurate Answer - wheezing,
stridor, urticaria, itching, angioedema, laryngeal edema, increase HR, decrease
BP
What is angioedema? Accurate Answer - swelling of the tongue, lips,
and eyes
treatment for allergic reaction? Accurate Answer - airway, o2,
bronchodilator(albuterol), antihistamines(Benadryl), epi 1:1 IM, IV fluids,
vasopressors, corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate
why do patients go into anaphylactic shock? Accurate Answer - due to
3rd space fluid loss and vasodilation
Most common cause of anaphylactic shock Accurate Answer - penicillin
injection and Hymenoptera stings(like a bee)
what is an anaphylactoid reaction? Accurate Answer - same clinical
effects as anaphylaxis but *NOT IgE mediated*... more common in *Pts taking
beta blockers* or NSAIDS, exercise
,Collagen disease... name two types? Accurate Answer - systemic lupus
and scleroderma
what is systemic lupus? Accurate Answer - an inflammation disease
where the body attacks its own tissue.
What is scleroderma? Accurate Answer - Chronic hardening and
tightening of the skin and connective tissues.
name three problems related to transplants? Accurate Answer -
infection, rejection, and drug toxicity
5 causes of infectious disease Accurate Answer - bacteria, viruses,
fungi, protozoa, helminths(worms)
best way to prevent the spread of disease? Accurate Answer - hand
washing
what is the main cause of HIV/AIDS? Accurate Answer - unprotected
sex
Kaposi's sarcoma Accurate Answer - Form of skin cancer frequently
seen in AIDS patients. cancer that forms blue/red/purple lesions in blood and
lymph vessels.
Pneumocystitis carinii Accurate Answer - life-threatening sun
infection. most AIDS patients develop PCP
pneumonia Accurate Answer - An inflammation of lung tissue, wherer
the alveoli in the affected areas fill w/fluid
Tuberculosis Accurate Answer - disease caused by bacteria called
Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria usually attack the lungs, but they
can also damage other parts of the body. TB spreads through the air
what is hepitis Accurate Answer - infection of the liver
,S/S of Hepatitis Accurate Answer - slow onset, fever, RUQ pain, nausea
and vomiting, decrease in appetite, jaundice, dark-colored urine, light -colored
stools, ascites
how do you get hepatitis A? Accurate Answer - fecal-oral
contamination, not blood borne or travel
how do you get hepatitis B and C? Accurate Answer - blood borne
S&S of tuberculosis Accurate Answer - fever, night sweats, loss of
energy/appetite, weight loss, chills, cough, hemoptysis
what PPE if Patient has TB? Accurate Answer - HEPA or N95 mask
chickenpox Accurate Answer - A highly contagious viral infection
causing an itchy, blister-like rash on the skin.
Mumps virus Accurate Answer - viral infection that affects salivary
gland
Measles virus Accurate Answer - high contagious viral infection that
causes red rash
Rubella virus Accurate Answer - German measles. when rash appears,
lasts about 3 days
Pertussis (whooping cough) Accurate Answer - An airborne bacterial
infection that affects mostly children younger than 6 years. Patients will be
feverish and exhibit a "whoop" sound on inspiration after a coughing attack;
highly contagious through droplet infection.
Influenza virus Accurate Answer - flu; highly contagious viral infection
mononucleosis Accurate Answer - infectious disease marked by
increased numbers of mononuclear leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph
nodes
herpes simplex I Accurate Answer - Recurring viral infection that often
presents as a fever blister or cold sore.
, most common STDs Accurate Answer - #1 chlamydia #2 gonorrhea
what is a common way to get chlamydia in elder patients? Accurate
Answer - nursing home
S&S of gonorrhea in men Accurate Answer - pain when urination and
discharged from penis
S&S of gonorrhea in women Accurate Answer - fever, vaginal
discharge, PID
Syphilis Accurate Answer - Syphilis causes sores on your genitals
(called chancres). The sores are usually painless, but they can easily spread
the infection to other people
Scabies Accurate Answer - Scabies is not an infection, but an
infestation. Tiny mites called Sarcoptes scabiei set up shop in the outer layers
of human skin. The skin does not take kindly to the invasion. As the mites
burrow and lay eggs inside the skin, the infestation leads to relentless itching
and an angry rash.
what is salmonella bacterium, salmonellosis, staphylococcus? Accurate
Answer - a common bacterial disease that affects the intestinal tract.
Salmonella bacteria typically live in animal and human intestines and are shed
through feces. Humans become infected most frequently through
contaminated water or food.
s/s of salmonella Accurate Answer - nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain,
diarrhea, fever, weakness, symptoms with a few hours or days
what is botulism- clostridium bacteria? Accurate Answer - The viral
toxin causes paralysis. Paralysis starts in the face and spreads to the limbs. If it
reaches the breathing muscles, respiratory failure can result. spread through
contaminated food and water.
S&S of botulism? Accurate Answer - blurred vision, difficulty speaking,
walking, numbness, paralysis, respiratory paralysis, death, onset 1-4 days
after ingestion
ANSWERS
what is HHNK? Accurate Answer - Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Non-
ketosis coma, complication of DM Type 2. S&S of DKA but no fruity breath or
kussmauls breathing.
what are the two types of immunity? Accurate Answer - natural and
acquired
what type of reaction is an allergic reaction? what type of protein is the
antibody? *high pt* Accurate Answer - antigen-antibody reaction. IgE
immunoglobulins
When histamine is released, what is the affect on the body? Accurate
Answer - vasodilator, increases capillary permeability, bronchoconstriction
what are S&S of anaphylactic reaction? Accurate Answer - wheezing,
stridor, urticaria, itching, angioedema, laryngeal edema, increase HR, decrease
BP
What is angioedema? Accurate Answer - swelling of the tongue, lips,
and eyes
treatment for allergic reaction? Accurate Answer - airway, o2,
bronchodilator(albuterol), antihistamines(Benadryl), epi 1:1 IM, IV fluids,
vasopressors, corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate
why do patients go into anaphylactic shock? Accurate Answer - due to
3rd space fluid loss and vasodilation
Most common cause of anaphylactic shock Accurate Answer - penicillin
injection and Hymenoptera stings(like a bee)
what is an anaphylactoid reaction? Accurate Answer - same clinical
effects as anaphylaxis but *NOT IgE mediated*... more common in *Pts taking
beta blockers* or NSAIDS, exercise
,Collagen disease... name two types? Accurate Answer - systemic lupus
and scleroderma
what is systemic lupus? Accurate Answer - an inflammation disease
where the body attacks its own tissue.
What is scleroderma? Accurate Answer - Chronic hardening and
tightening of the skin and connective tissues.
name three problems related to transplants? Accurate Answer -
infection, rejection, and drug toxicity
5 causes of infectious disease Accurate Answer - bacteria, viruses,
fungi, protozoa, helminths(worms)
best way to prevent the spread of disease? Accurate Answer - hand
washing
what is the main cause of HIV/AIDS? Accurate Answer - unprotected
sex
Kaposi's sarcoma Accurate Answer - Form of skin cancer frequently
seen in AIDS patients. cancer that forms blue/red/purple lesions in blood and
lymph vessels.
Pneumocystitis carinii Accurate Answer - life-threatening sun
infection. most AIDS patients develop PCP
pneumonia Accurate Answer - An inflammation of lung tissue, wherer
the alveoli in the affected areas fill w/fluid
Tuberculosis Accurate Answer - disease caused by bacteria called
Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria usually attack the lungs, but they
can also damage other parts of the body. TB spreads through the air
what is hepitis Accurate Answer - infection of the liver
,S/S of Hepatitis Accurate Answer - slow onset, fever, RUQ pain, nausea
and vomiting, decrease in appetite, jaundice, dark-colored urine, light -colored
stools, ascites
how do you get hepatitis A? Accurate Answer - fecal-oral
contamination, not blood borne or travel
how do you get hepatitis B and C? Accurate Answer - blood borne
S&S of tuberculosis Accurate Answer - fever, night sweats, loss of
energy/appetite, weight loss, chills, cough, hemoptysis
what PPE if Patient has TB? Accurate Answer - HEPA or N95 mask
chickenpox Accurate Answer - A highly contagious viral infection
causing an itchy, blister-like rash on the skin.
Mumps virus Accurate Answer - viral infection that affects salivary
gland
Measles virus Accurate Answer - high contagious viral infection that
causes red rash
Rubella virus Accurate Answer - German measles. when rash appears,
lasts about 3 days
Pertussis (whooping cough) Accurate Answer - An airborne bacterial
infection that affects mostly children younger than 6 years. Patients will be
feverish and exhibit a "whoop" sound on inspiration after a coughing attack;
highly contagious through droplet infection.
Influenza virus Accurate Answer - flu; highly contagious viral infection
mononucleosis Accurate Answer - infectious disease marked by
increased numbers of mononuclear leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph
nodes
herpes simplex I Accurate Answer - Recurring viral infection that often
presents as a fever blister or cold sore.
, most common STDs Accurate Answer - #1 chlamydia #2 gonorrhea
what is a common way to get chlamydia in elder patients? Accurate
Answer - nursing home
S&S of gonorrhea in men Accurate Answer - pain when urination and
discharged from penis
S&S of gonorrhea in women Accurate Answer - fever, vaginal
discharge, PID
Syphilis Accurate Answer - Syphilis causes sores on your genitals
(called chancres). The sores are usually painless, but they can easily spread
the infection to other people
Scabies Accurate Answer - Scabies is not an infection, but an
infestation. Tiny mites called Sarcoptes scabiei set up shop in the outer layers
of human skin. The skin does not take kindly to the invasion. As the mites
burrow and lay eggs inside the skin, the infestation leads to relentless itching
and an angry rash.
what is salmonella bacterium, salmonellosis, staphylococcus? Accurate
Answer - a common bacterial disease that affects the intestinal tract.
Salmonella bacteria typically live in animal and human intestines and are shed
through feces. Humans become infected most frequently through
contaminated water or food.
s/s of salmonella Accurate Answer - nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain,
diarrhea, fever, weakness, symptoms with a few hours or days
what is botulism- clostridium bacteria? Accurate Answer - The viral
toxin causes paralysis. Paralysis starts in the face and spreads to the limbs. If it
reaches the breathing muscles, respiratory failure can result. spread through
contaminated food and water.
S&S of botulism? Accurate Answer - blurred vision, difficulty speaking,
walking, numbness, paralysis, respiratory paralysis, death, onset 1-4 days
after ingestion
