NUTR 100 Exam 2 Questions and Correct Answers 100% Guaranteed Success
Lipids - Answers A broad category of compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen which are
insoluble in water.
Fatty acid - Answers The most basic unit of lipids, composed of triglycerides and phospholipids.
Types of fatty acids - Answers Saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated.
Remember that trans fats are a type of fatty acid but are man-made.
Hydrophobic vs. hydrophillic - Answers Hydrophobic compounds like fat repel water. Hydrophillic
compounds attract water.
What are the essential fatty acids? - Answers Linoleic (omega-6) and linolenic (omega-3). Both are types
of polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are essential because the body cannot produce omega-6 and
omega-3 fatty acids on its own, and therefore must obtain it through diet. However, Americans consume
much more omega-6 fatty acids than omega-3.
Triglyceride - Answers The most common type of lipid found in foods and in the body. Triglycerides are
also known as fats.
Oils - Answers Oils are lipids that are liquid at room temperature: particularly made up of unsaturated
fatty acids. Think olive oil (mostly monounsaturated). Butter is an example of a saturated fatty acid food
that is solid at room temperature.
What does emulsify mean? - Answers It means to keep incompatible substances such as water and oil
together when mixed. Emulsifiers are phospholipids because they have unique water and fat loving
properties.
What are sterols? - Answers They are lipids that do not consist of glycerol or fatty acids. They are
composed of four connecting rings of carbon and hydrogen. The most commonly known sterol is
cholesterol.
Where does the majority of fat digestion occur? - Answers Small intestine.
What enzyme is responsible for fat digestion? - Answers Pancreatic lipase.
Dietary fat helps the body absorb which vitamins? - Answers Fat soluble vitamins A, D, E, K
What is the AMDR of fat? - Answers 20-35% of daily calories.
What foods are particularly high in omega-3 fatty acids (linolenic)? - Answers Flaxseeds and fish.
What is the primary lipid in the body? - Answers Triglyceride. Cholesterol and lecithin are two other
types of lipids but not as abundant as triglycerides (or fats).
, What do fats provide in terms of energy? - Answers Fats provide 9 calories per gram and are a major
source of energy in the body. They are also required for the absorption of fat soluble vitamins.
What does the structure of fats consist of? - Answers Fats contain a glycerol backbone and three
attached fatty acids.
Calculate your fat intake range based on the AMDR for fat if you consume 2,000 calories daily. - Answers
2,000 / .20 (20%) = 400 calories / 9 (calories per gram) = 44 grams
2,000 / .35 (35%) = 700 calories / 9 (calories per gram) = 78 grams
Fat intake range= 44-78 grams
What are trans fats? - Answers Fats made from the hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids. This
process makes the fats have a longer shelf life (better able to resist decomposition/rancidity), and add
texture to food. Trans fats are found in baked goods like cookies, pastries, cakes, etc.
What is hydrogenation? - Answers Hydrogenation is a process whereby hydrogen is added to
unsaturated fats to make them more saturated and solid at room temperature.
What is the current issue with trans fat in food products, and what can you do to avoid it? - Answers The
current issue is that many food companies can state on their packaging that there is 0 grams of trans fat,
but can still have 0.5 grams of trans fat. In order to avoid this and ensure you're not consuming any trans
fats, look at the ingredients to see if there are any hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated oils listed. If
there are, you should avoid eating that product even if it says on the package it's trans fat free.
Companies love to trick the consumer.
What are fat substitutes? - Answers Fat substitutes are substances that replace added fat in foods by
providing the creamy properties of fat with less total calories and grams of fat.
How much cholesterol should you consume daily? - Answers None. Remember that cholesterol is
produced by the body and is not an essential nutrient, meaning that you do not have to get it from food.
What is heart disease? - Answers Heart disease is a condition consisting of several disorders affecting
the heart.
What is atherosclerosis? - Answers It occurs when there is a significant narrowing of the arteries as a
result of the buildup of debris (fat) along the artery walls.
What is hypertension? - Answers High blood pressure: 140/90 or higher.
Normal blood pressure is 120/80.
List the risk factors for heart disease. - Answers Age, gender, family history, type 1 diabetes, type 2
diabetes, high blood pressure, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, excess weight, low HDL and high LDL.
Lipids - Answers A broad category of compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen which are
insoluble in water.
Fatty acid - Answers The most basic unit of lipids, composed of triglycerides and phospholipids.
Types of fatty acids - Answers Saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated.
Remember that trans fats are a type of fatty acid but are man-made.
Hydrophobic vs. hydrophillic - Answers Hydrophobic compounds like fat repel water. Hydrophillic
compounds attract water.
What are the essential fatty acids? - Answers Linoleic (omega-6) and linolenic (omega-3). Both are types
of polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are essential because the body cannot produce omega-6 and
omega-3 fatty acids on its own, and therefore must obtain it through diet. However, Americans consume
much more omega-6 fatty acids than omega-3.
Triglyceride - Answers The most common type of lipid found in foods and in the body. Triglycerides are
also known as fats.
Oils - Answers Oils are lipids that are liquid at room temperature: particularly made up of unsaturated
fatty acids. Think olive oil (mostly monounsaturated). Butter is an example of a saturated fatty acid food
that is solid at room temperature.
What does emulsify mean? - Answers It means to keep incompatible substances such as water and oil
together when mixed. Emulsifiers are phospholipids because they have unique water and fat loving
properties.
What are sterols? - Answers They are lipids that do not consist of glycerol or fatty acids. They are
composed of four connecting rings of carbon and hydrogen. The most commonly known sterol is
cholesterol.
Where does the majority of fat digestion occur? - Answers Small intestine.
What enzyme is responsible for fat digestion? - Answers Pancreatic lipase.
Dietary fat helps the body absorb which vitamins? - Answers Fat soluble vitamins A, D, E, K
What is the AMDR of fat? - Answers 20-35% of daily calories.
What foods are particularly high in omega-3 fatty acids (linolenic)? - Answers Flaxseeds and fish.
What is the primary lipid in the body? - Answers Triglyceride. Cholesterol and lecithin are two other
types of lipids but not as abundant as triglycerides (or fats).
, What do fats provide in terms of energy? - Answers Fats provide 9 calories per gram and are a major
source of energy in the body. They are also required for the absorption of fat soluble vitamins.
What does the structure of fats consist of? - Answers Fats contain a glycerol backbone and three
attached fatty acids.
Calculate your fat intake range based on the AMDR for fat if you consume 2,000 calories daily. - Answers
2,000 / .20 (20%) = 400 calories / 9 (calories per gram) = 44 grams
2,000 / .35 (35%) = 700 calories / 9 (calories per gram) = 78 grams
Fat intake range= 44-78 grams
What are trans fats? - Answers Fats made from the hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids. This
process makes the fats have a longer shelf life (better able to resist decomposition/rancidity), and add
texture to food. Trans fats are found in baked goods like cookies, pastries, cakes, etc.
What is hydrogenation? - Answers Hydrogenation is a process whereby hydrogen is added to
unsaturated fats to make them more saturated and solid at room temperature.
What is the current issue with trans fat in food products, and what can you do to avoid it? - Answers The
current issue is that many food companies can state on their packaging that there is 0 grams of trans fat,
but can still have 0.5 grams of trans fat. In order to avoid this and ensure you're not consuming any trans
fats, look at the ingredients to see if there are any hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated oils listed. If
there are, you should avoid eating that product even if it says on the package it's trans fat free.
Companies love to trick the consumer.
What are fat substitutes? - Answers Fat substitutes are substances that replace added fat in foods by
providing the creamy properties of fat with less total calories and grams of fat.
How much cholesterol should you consume daily? - Answers None. Remember that cholesterol is
produced by the body and is not an essential nutrient, meaning that you do not have to get it from food.
What is heart disease? - Answers Heart disease is a condition consisting of several disorders affecting
the heart.
What is atherosclerosis? - Answers It occurs when there is a significant narrowing of the arteries as a
result of the buildup of debris (fat) along the artery walls.
What is hypertension? - Answers High blood pressure: 140/90 or higher.
Normal blood pressure is 120/80.
List the risk factors for heart disease. - Answers Age, gender, family history, type 1 diabetes, type 2
diabetes, high blood pressure, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, excess weight, low HDL and high LDL.
