WGU C963 American politics and US Constitution-
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Declaration of Independence influenced by Enlightenment - ✔✔Locke maintains that
society is a rational but voluntary expression. Government, which serves to regulate the
terms of the social contact on which society is created, serves to protect our natural
rights and serve as a democratic conduit for our interests. Most important of our natural
rights are liberty and property.
National Government under the Articles of Confederation - ✔✔unicameral congress,
or one chamber known as the Confederation Congress. no executive or judicial branch.
Functions in order to make sure that the national government did not have too much
power and that the power of the states remained protected. had the authority to
exchange ambassadors and make treaties with foreign governments and Indian tribes,
declare war, coin currency and borrow money, and settle disputes between states. Each
state legislature appointed delegates to the Congress; these men could be recalled at
any time. Regardless of its size or the number of delegates it chose to send, each state
would have only one vote. Delegates could serve for no more than three consecutive
years, lest a class of elite professional politicians develop. The nation would have no
independent chief executive or judiciary. Nine votes were required before the central
government could act, and the Articles of Confederation could be changed only by
unanimous approval of all 13 states.
Powers under the Articles of Confederation (national government): - ✔✔The Power
to Borrow and Coin Money
The Power to Declare War
The Power to Make Treaties and Alliances with Other Nations
The Power to Regulate Trade with the Native Americans
The Power to Settle Disputes among Other States
,The Power to Borrow and Coin Money (National Government) - ✔✔The national
government could make the currency of the United States, known as Continental
currency. It could also borrow money from other nations to cover the country's debts
that remained from fighting during the American Revolution. This power to borrow and
coin money was limited, as the national government had to rely on the states for
enough money to cover debts and back any loans taken from other countries.
The Power to Declare War (National Government) - ✔✔The national government
could declare war as it deemed appropriate with other nations. It could also appoint
military officials. However, this power was limited. The national government could
declare war, but there was no national military to draw soldiers from. The soldiers came
from the individual states.
The Power to Make Treaties and Alliances with Other Nations (National Government) -
✔✔The national government could enter into treaties or agreements with other
nations as it deemed appropriate. Under this power, the national government could also
appoint foreign ambassadors.
The Power to Regulate Trade with the Native Americans (National Government): -
✔✔The national government was given power to negotiate and regulate trade with
the Native Americans. Native Americans were not considered citizens of the United
States and were treated as foreign nations by the both the national and state
governments.
The Power to Settle Disputes among Other States (National Government) - ✔✔the
national government had the authority to settle any and all boundary disputes that
arose between the states, which were bound to happen in this newly formed country.
Problems with the Articles of Confederation (Power to Raise an Army or Navy): -
✔✔Although the central government could declare war and agree to peace, it had to
depend upon the states to provide soldiers. If state governors chose not to honor the
national government's request, the country would lack an adequate defense. The lack of
,a national army meant that the national government could not draft any soldiers into
the military.
Problems with the Articles of Confederation (Taxation) - ✔✔Articles of Confederation
gave the national government no power to impose and collect taxes. To avoid any
perception of "taxation without representation," the Articles of Confederation allowed
only state governments to levy taxes. To pay for its expenses, the national government
had to request money from the states, which were required to provide funds in
proportion to the value of the land within their borders. The states, however, were
often negligent in this duty, and the national government was underfunded as a result.
The national government could not impose taxes on citizens. It could only request
money from the states.
Problems with the Articles of Confederation (Regulating Trade): - ✔✔The national
government did not possess the power to regulate trade among the different states.
This lack of authority not only affected the national government, but the states as well.
The national economy suffered as foreign countries began to form trade agreements
with individual states, agreements for which the national government could not
regulate or tax.
Problems with the articles of confederation National Government: - ✔✔· Each state
had only one vote in Congress regardless of its size.
· The national government could not impose taxes on citizens. It could only request
money from the states.
· The national government could not regulate foreign trade or interstate commerce.
· The national government could not raise an army. It had to request the states to send
men.
· The Articles could not be changed without a unanimous vote to do so.
· There was no national judicial system.
, Social Contract - ✔✔An agreement between people and government in which
citizens consent to being governed so long as the government protects their natural
rights.
Natural Rights - ✔✔the idea that all humans are born with rights, which include the
right to life, liberty, and property
State of Nature - ✔✔A theory on how people might have lived before societies came
into existence. is a condition in which all of us live individually and solitarily, prior to the
existence of society. We are physically and mentally capable of achieving our own
survival.
Montesquieu (1689-1755) - ✔✔contribution in The Spirit of the Laws (1748) regards
the structure of political institutions. He argues for a separation of powers: legislative,
executive, and judicial. Each will serve as a check on the power of the other, limiting the
harm each might do. separates power to offset the power of different social interests:
ordinary people, the aristocracy, and the monarch.
Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679): - ✔✔One of the first individuals to contribute to the
idea of the social contract was a pre-Enlightenment English philosopher. Hobbes argues
that society is not something natural and immutable, but rather it is something created
by us. We do this to resolve problems we collectively face, to make our lives better.
State of Nature: it's "a war of all against all." Basically, the state of nature is a pretty
nasty place where lives are perpetually insecure.
John Locke (1632-1704) - ✔✔we are autonomous individuals, capable of using
reason, and are driven to advance our personal interests. Our primary interest is
survival, which we want to make secure and comfortable. To achieve this security and
comfort, we acquire property. Two Treatises of Government, disagrees, saying the state
of nature is a relatively decent place. All its inhabitants are rational people, mindful of
the basic law of nature to not harm another, and people will get along okay. But our
Exam Questions Solved 100% Correct | Verified
Solutions
Declaration of Independence influenced by Enlightenment - ✔✔Locke maintains that
society is a rational but voluntary expression. Government, which serves to regulate the
terms of the social contact on which society is created, serves to protect our natural
rights and serve as a democratic conduit for our interests. Most important of our natural
rights are liberty and property.
National Government under the Articles of Confederation - ✔✔unicameral congress,
or one chamber known as the Confederation Congress. no executive or judicial branch.
Functions in order to make sure that the national government did not have too much
power and that the power of the states remained protected. had the authority to
exchange ambassadors and make treaties with foreign governments and Indian tribes,
declare war, coin currency and borrow money, and settle disputes between states. Each
state legislature appointed delegates to the Congress; these men could be recalled at
any time. Regardless of its size or the number of delegates it chose to send, each state
would have only one vote. Delegates could serve for no more than three consecutive
years, lest a class of elite professional politicians develop. The nation would have no
independent chief executive or judiciary. Nine votes were required before the central
government could act, and the Articles of Confederation could be changed only by
unanimous approval of all 13 states.
Powers under the Articles of Confederation (national government): - ✔✔The Power
to Borrow and Coin Money
The Power to Declare War
The Power to Make Treaties and Alliances with Other Nations
The Power to Regulate Trade with the Native Americans
The Power to Settle Disputes among Other States
,The Power to Borrow and Coin Money (National Government) - ✔✔The national
government could make the currency of the United States, known as Continental
currency. It could also borrow money from other nations to cover the country's debts
that remained from fighting during the American Revolution. This power to borrow and
coin money was limited, as the national government had to rely on the states for
enough money to cover debts and back any loans taken from other countries.
The Power to Declare War (National Government) - ✔✔The national government
could declare war as it deemed appropriate with other nations. It could also appoint
military officials. However, this power was limited. The national government could
declare war, but there was no national military to draw soldiers from. The soldiers came
from the individual states.
The Power to Make Treaties and Alliances with Other Nations (National Government) -
✔✔The national government could enter into treaties or agreements with other
nations as it deemed appropriate. Under this power, the national government could also
appoint foreign ambassadors.
The Power to Regulate Trade with the Native Americans (National Government): -
✔✔The national government was given power to negotiate and regulate trade with
the Native Americans. Native Americans were not considered citizens of the United
States and were treated as foreign nations by the both the national and state
governments.
The Power to Settle Disputes among Other States (National Government) - ✔✔the
national government had the authority to settle any and all boundary disputes that
arose between the states, which were bound to happen in this newly formed country.
Problems with the Articles of Confederation (Power to Raise an Army or Navy): -
✔✔Although the central government could declare war and agree to peace, it had to
depend upon the states to provide soldiers. If state governors chose not to honor the
national government's request, the country would lack an adequate defense. The lack of
,a national army meant that the national government could not draft any soldiers into
the military.
Problems with the Articles of Confederation (Taxation) - ✔✔Articles of Confederation
gave the national government no power to impose and collect taxes. To avoid any
perception of "taxation without representation," the Articles of Confederation allowed
only state governments to levy taxes. To pay for its expenses, the national government
had to request money from the states, which were required to provide funds in
proportion to the value of the land within their borders. The states, however, were
often negligent in this duty, and the national government was underfunded as a result.
The national government could not impose taxes on citizens. It could only request
money from the states.
Problems with the Articles of Confederation (Regulating Trade): - ✔✔The national
government did not possess the power to regulate trade among the different states.
This lack of authority not only affected the national government, but the states as well.
The national economy suffered as foreign countries began to form trade agreements
with individual states, agreements for which the national government could not
regulate or tax.
Problems with the articles of confederation National Government: - ✔✔· Each state
had only one vote in Congress regardless of its size.
· The national government could not impose taxes on citizens. It could only request
money from the states.
· The national government could not regulate foreign trade or interstate commerce.
· The national government could not raise an army. It had to request the states to send
men.
· The Articles could not be changed without a unanimous vote to do so.
· There was no national judicial system.
, Social Contract - ✔✔An agreement between people and government in which
citizens consent to being governed so long as the government protects their natural
rights.
Natural Rights - ✔✔the idea that all humans are born with rights, which include the
right to life, liberty, and property
State of Nature - ✔✔A theory on how people might have lived before societies came
into existence. is a condition in which all of us live individually and solitarily, prior to the
existence of society. We are physically and mentally capable of achieving our own
survival.
Montesquieu (1689-1755) - ✔✔contribution in The Spirit of the Laws (1748) regards
the structure of political institutions. He argues for a separation of powers: legislative,
executive, and judicial. Each will serve as a check on the power of the other, limiting the
harm each might do. separates power to offset the power of different social interests:
ordinary people, the aristocracy, and the monarch.
Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679): - ✔✔One of the first individuals to contribute to the
idea of the social contract was a pre-Enlightenment English philosopher. Hobbes argues
that society is not something natural and immutable, but rather it is something created
by us. We do this to resolve problems we collectively face, to make our lives better.
State of Nature: it's "a war of all against all." Basically, the state of nature is a pretty
nasty place where lives are perpetually insecure.
John Locke (1632-1704) - ✔✔we are autonomous individuals, capable of using
reason, and are driven to advance our personal interests. Our primary interest is
survival, which we want to make secure and comfortable. To achieve this security and
comfort, we acquire property. Two Treatises of Government, disagrees, saying the state
of nature is a relatively decent place. All its inhabitants are rational people, mindful of
the basic law of nature to not harm another, and people will get along okay. But our
