HNSC 1210 (Nutrition) MIDTERM EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE SOLUTIONS
RATED A.
Body's Energy Stores of Excess Energy-Containing Nutrients
Correct Answer -Fat in fat cells/adipose tissue (large amount). CHO as glycogen in liver and
muscle (smaller amount). Other nutrient stores in other tissues.
Acts as lipid solvents. Easily penetrates cell's outer lipid membrane. Denatures cell's protein
structure.
Correct Answer -Alcohol
Alcohol Enters Body
Correct Answer -Alcohol diffuses through stomach wall into bloodstream. Food delays
absorption and stomach emptying. Vomiting protects against high dose of toxin. Alcohol
absorbed rapidly in small intestine (regardless of food or not).
Physical Effects of Alcohol
Correct Answer -Increases urine output. Mineral loss. Slow drinker: alcohol collected by liver
and processed. Rapid drinker: some alcohol flows through rest of body and brain.
Alcohol and the Brain
Correct Answer -Depressant. Sedates nerve cells. 1st - judgment and reasoning. 2nd -
voluntary muscle control. Last - respiration and heart action. "Passing out" helps protect
against consumption of lethal dose.
Alcohol and the Liver
Correct Answer -Liver detoxifies (metabolizes). 80% alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). 10% MEOS
system (inducible). 10% excreted through breath and in urine. Alcohol stimulates fat synthesis
in the liver, both acutely and chronically.
,Liver Deterioration
Correct Answer -Fatty liver --> fibrosis (scar tissue) --> cirrhosis (loss of fnc).
Alcohol and the Body
Correct Answer -About 1.5 hrs. to metabolize 1 drink. Walking, caffeine, etc. don't detoxify.
Alcohol preferentially used for energy, thus more fat stored, especially abdominal region.
Toxic effects of congeners. Dehydration (brain cells physically shrink) and rehydration of the
brain. Accumulation of formaldehyde (b/c preferentially ethanol --> acetaldehyde). Mild form
of drug withdrawal.
Correct Answer -Hangover
Long Term Effects of Alcohol
Correct Answer -Liver cells - amino acid metabolism. Synthesis of blood lipids increases. Toxic
to muscle. Increased BP. Dementia. Increased risk of cancer. Younger people: increased risk for
death from any cause.
Alcohol Abuse can Cause...
Correct Answer -Malnutrition, inadequate food intake, impaired nutrient absorption and
metabolism, and Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome.
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
Correct Answer -Thiamin deficiency. Paralysis of the eye muscles. Permanent damage to
nervous system. Impaired memory. Mental confusion. Symptoms mimic being drunk, making
it hard to diagnose in alcoholics.
Health Effects of Wine
Correct Answer -High potassium in both wine and grape juice may lower high blood pressure.
Antioxidant properties - may protect against events that are thought to trigger heart disease
(alcohol increases oxidations). Dealcoholized wine, purple grape juice, and grapes all contain
similar phytochemicals (w/out potential dangers of alcohol).
, Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Correct Answer -Carbohydrates
Through photosynthesis, plants combine CO2, water, and the sun's energy to form glucose.
When humans metabolize glucose, energy and CO2 are released.
Correct Answer -CHO Energy Cycles
Types of CHOs
Correct Answer -Simple CHOs (Sugars) and Complex CHOs or Polysaccharides (fibre and
starch).
Types of Simple CHOs (Sugars)
Correct Answer -Monosaccharides and Disaccharides.
Types of Monosaccharides
Correct Answer -Glucose, Galactose, and Fructose.
Types of Disaccharides
Correct Answer -Sucrose (glucose + fructose), Maltose (glucose + glucose), and Lactose
(glucose + galactose).
Chains of glucose linked together. Plant forms: starch and fibre. Human digestive enzymes can
break the bonds b/w glucose units in starch but not in fibre, e.g. cellulose. Animal form:
glycogen (more branched). Human digestive enzymes can break the bonds. Found in liver and
muscle (meat) - broken down at slaughtering.
Correct Answer -Complex CHOs / Polysaccharides
Types of Water-Soluble Fibre
Correct Answer -Gums, mucilages, pectins, psyllium, some hemicellulose.
QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE SOLUTIONS
RATED A.
Body's Energy Stores of Excess Energy-Containing Nutrients
Correct Answer -Fat in fat cells/adipose tissue (large amount). CHO as glycogen in liver and
muscle (smaller amount). Other nutrient stores in other tissues.
Acts as lipid solvents. Easily penetrates cell's outer lipid membrane. Denatures cell's protein
structure.
Correct Answer -Alcohol
Alcohol Enters Body
Correct Answer -Alcohol diffuses through stomach wall into bloodstream. Food delays
absorption and stomach emptying. Vomiting protects against high dose of toxin. Alcohol
absorbed rapidly in small intestine (regardless of food or not).
Physical Effects of Alcohol
Correct Answer -Increases urine output. Mineral loss. Slow drinker: alcohol collected by liver
and processed. Rapid drinker: some alcohol flows through rest of body and brain.
Alcohol and the Brain
Correct Answer -Depressant. Sedates nerve cells. 1st - judgment and reasoning. 2nd -
voluntary muscle control. Last - respiration and heart action. "Passing out" helps protect
against consumption of lethal dose.
Alcohol and the Liver
Correct Answer -Liver detoxifies (metabolizes). 80% alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). 10% MEOS
system (inducible). 10% excreted through breath and in urine. Alcohol stimulates fat synthesis
in the liver, both acutely and chronically.
,Liver Deterioration
Correct Answer -Fatty liver --> fibrosis (scar tissue) --> cirrhosis (loss of fnc).
Alcohol and the Body
Correct Answer -About 1.5 hrs. to metabolize 1 drink. Walking, caffeine, etc. don't detoxify.
Alcohol preferentially used for energy, thus more fat stored, especially abdominal region.
Toxic effects of congeners. Dehydration (brain cells physically shrink) and rehydration of the
brain. Accumulation of formaldehyde (b/c preferentially ethanol --> acetaldehyde). Mild form
of drug withdrawal.
Correct Answer -Hangover
Long Term Effects of Alcohol
Correct Answer -Liver cells - amino acid metabolism. Synthesis of blood lipids increases. Toxic
to muscle. Increased BP. Dementia. Increased risk of cancer. Younger people: increased risk for
death from any cause.
Alcohol Abuse can Cause...
Correct Answer -Malnutrition, inadequate food intake, impaired nutrient absorption and
metabolism, and Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome.
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
Correct Answer -Thiamin deficiency. Paralysis of the eye muscles. Permanent damage to
nervous system. Impaired memory. Mental confusion. Symptoms mimic being drunk, making
it hard to diagnose in alcoholics.
Health Effects of Wine
Correct Answer -High potassium in both wine and grape juice may lower high blood pressure.
Antioxidant properties - may protect against events that are thought to trigger heart disease
(alcohol increases oxidations). Dealcoholized wine, purple grape juice, and grapes all contain
similar phytochemicals (w/out potential dangers of alcohol).
, Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Correct Answer -Carbohydrates
Through photosynthesis, plants combine CO2, water, and the sun's energy to form glucose.
When humans metabolize glucose, energy and CO2 are released.
Correct Answer -CHO Energy Cycles
Types of CHOs
Correct Answer -Simple CHOs (Sugars) and Complex CHOs or Polysaccharides (fibre and
starch).
Types of Simple CHOs (Sugars)
Correct Answer -Monosaccharides and Disaccharides.
Types of Monosaccharides
Correct Answer -Glucose, Galactose, and Fructose.
Types of Disaccharides
Correct Answer -Sucrose (glucose + fructose), Maltose (glucose + glucose), and Lactose
(glucose + galactose).
Chains of glucose linked together. Plant forms: starch and fibre. Human digestive enzymes can
break the bonds b/w glucose units in starch but not in fibre, e.g. cellulose. Animal form:
glycogen (more branched). Human digestive enzymes can break the bonds. Found in liver and
muscle (meat) - broken down at slaughtering.
Correct Answer -Complex CHOs / Polysaccharides
Types of Water-Soluble Fibre
Correct Answer -Gums, mucilages, pectins, psyllium, some hemicellulose.
