DNA Structure & Function
Cell division
under tight regulation
History of DNA discovery
Friedrich miescher: Physician
isolated phosphate rich
isolated phosphate-rich chemicals from white blood cells (leukocytes).
He named these chemicals nuclein because they were isolated from the
nuclei of the cells.
Would eventually be known as DNA
Griffith Experiment:
bacterial transformation: process in which external DNA is taken up by a
cell, thereby changing its morphology and physiology.
R strain was non-pathogenic
S strain was pathogenic
Hershey & chase
Wanted to know what genetic material got passed on
1 group was labeled by DNA and other was labeled by protein
—> Bacteria was infected by phage
took DNA out of bacteria to see if the protein or DNA got passed on
Discovery of DNA
Roslind Franklin
X-Ray crystallographer
DNA Structure & Function 1
, took photo of DNA (Doubel helix)
DNA (an intro)
Controls most of our characteristics
Key words
Gene: Segment of DNA that codes for a protein
Alleles: Different forms of gene present on each copy of the same
chromosome
Trait: characteristic of an individual
Histome: Protein that DAN is round around
Exon: Inside of gene
intron: inside of gene
Transcription: DNA making into mRNA
Translation: mRNA made into protein
Genotype: DNA composition or genetic makeup
Phenotype: physical expression for traits
Structure
Needs: Phosphate, sugar & nitrogenous base
mRNA Uses ribose sugar
DNA uses deoxyribose sugar
held together by phosphodiester bond
nucelotides bonded by hydrogen bonds
base stacking (weak non-polar interaction) with van der Waals forces
antiparallel: Both strands are running in different directions
Important for transcription, replication, allows for complimetary
DNA Structure & Function 2
Cell division
under tight regulation
History of DNA discovery
Friedrich miescher: Physician
isolated phosphate rich
isolated phosphate-rich chemicals from white blood cells (leukocytes).
He named these chemicals nuclein because they were isolated from the
nuclei of the cells.
Would eventually be known as DNA
Griffith Experiment:
bacterial transformation: process in which external DNA is taken up by a
cell, thereby changing its morphology and physiology.
R strain was non-pathogenic
S strain was pathogenic
Hershey & chase
Wanted to know what genetic material got passed on
1 group was labeled by DNA and other was labeled by protein
—> Bacteria was infected by phage
took DNA out of bacteria to see if the protein or DNA got passed on
Discovery of DNA
Roslind Franklin
X-Ray crystallographer
DNA Structure & Function 1
, took photo of DNA (Doubel helix)
DNA (an intro)
Controls most of our characteristics
Key words
Gene: Segment of DNA that codes for a protein
Alleles: Different forms of gene present on each copy of the same
chromosome
Trait: characteristic of an individual
Histome: Protein that DAN is round around
Exon: Inside of gene
intron: inside of gene
Transcription: DNA making into mRNA
Translation: mRNA made into protein
Genotype: DNA composition or genetic makeup
Phenotype: physical expression for traits
Structure
Needs: Phosphate, sugar & nitrogenous base
mRNA Uses ribose sugar
DNA uses deoxyribose sugar
held together by phosphodiester bond
nucelotides bonded by hydrogen bonds
base stacking (weak non-polar interaction) with van der Waals forces
antiparallel: Both strands are running in different directions
Important for transcription, replication, allows for complimetary
DNA Structure & Function 2
