NUR 152 Fluid and Electrolytes
What should you assess for in a patient with hyperkalemia and hypokalemia? -
Arrhythmias
Patients at risk for hyperkalemia are those with -
renal failure
Hypomagnesmia manifests into what? -
Muscle tetany and seizures
Osmosis -
movement of water across cell membranes
Osmotic pressure -
the force created when two solutions of different concentrations are separated by a
selectively permeable membrane
What would you expect to see in a malnourished individual? -
Dehydration
Low albumin=edema (fluid would be intracellular instead of intravascular)
Poor skin integrity
Listen to lung sounds (crackles)
Electrolyte imbalance
What is insensible water loss? -
Unmeasurable water loss (Breathing/Sweating)
What is sensible water loss? -
Measurable water loss (water filtered through the kidneys and excreted as urine,
exudate, emesis)
Oncotic pressure -
is a form of osmotic pressure exerted by proteins, notably albumin, in a blood
vessel's plasma (blood/liquid) that usually tends to pull water into the circulatory system
Hydrostatic pressure -
is the force of the fluid pressing against the blood vessel
Osmotic presssure -
force created when two solutions of different concentrations are separated by a
selectively permeable membrane
What would you do after administering albumin to someone with fluid volume excess? -
Frequent lung sound assessments
Monitor I/O
Fluctuations in fluid intake and output can -
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, destabilize the balance between fluids and electrolytes
The equilibrium between the acidity and alkalinity of body fluids is -
acid-base balance
Total body water (TBW) -
the percent of body weight that consists of water
How much do elderly and obese people have in TBW? -
45%
How much TBW do men have? -
60%
How much TBW do women have? -
50%
What are the functions of water? -
regulates body temperature
lubricates joints
serves as a shock absorber for internal organs
transports nutrients & waste products throughout the body
Medium for metabolic reactions within cells
Body fluid is either -
intracellular or extracellular
Intracellular fluid -
within the cell
Extracellular fluid -
fluid outside the cell (interstitial, intravascular, or transcellular)
Interstitial fluid -
surrounds cells
Intravascular fluid -
in the blood vessels of the body
Transcellular fluid -
fluid separated from plasma by epithelium
The majority of body fluid is -
intracellular
Body fluids are composed of -
water and solutes
Solutes -
substances that dissolve in a solvent (liquid)
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What should you assess for in a patient with hyperkalemia and hypokalemia? -
Arrhythmias
Patients at risk for hyperkalemia are those with -
renal failure
Hypomagnesmia manifests into what? -
Muscle tetany and seizures
Osmosis -
movement of water across cell membranes
Osmotic pressure -
the force created when two solutions of different concentrations are separated by a
selectively permeable membrane
What would you expect to see in a malnourished individual? -
Dehydration
Low albumin=edema (fluid would be intracellular instead of intravascular)
Poor skin integrity
Listen to lung sounds (crackles)
Electrolyte imbalance
What is insensible water loss? -
Unmeasurable water loss (Breathing/Sweating)
What is sensible water loss? -
Measurable water loss (water filtered through the kidneys and excreted as urine,
exudate, emesis)
Oncotic pressure -
is a form of osmotic pressure exerted by proteins, notably albumin, in a blood
vessel's plasma (blood/liquid) that usually tends to pull water into the circulatory system
Hydrostatic pressure -
is the force of the fluid pressing against the blood vessel
Osmotic presssure -
force created when two solutions of different concentrations are separated by a
selectively permeable membrane
What would you do after administering albumin to someone with fluid volume excess? -
Frequent lung sound assessments
Monitor I/O
Fluctuations in fluid intake and output can -
1|Page
, destabilize the balance between fluids and electrolytes
The equilibrium between the acidity and alkalinity of body fluids is -
acid-base balance
Total body water (TBW) -
the percent of body weight that consists of water
How much do elderly and obese people have in TBW? -
45%
How much TBW do men have? -
60%
How much TBW do women have? -
50%
What are the functions of water? -
regulates body temperature
lubricates joints
serves as a shock absorber for internal organs
transports nutrients & waste products throughout the body
Medium for metabolic reactions within cells
Body fluid is either -
intracellular or extracellular
Intracellular fluid -
within the cell
Extracellular fluid -
fluid outside the cell (interstitial, intravascular, or transcellular)
Interstitial fluid -
surrounds cells
Intravascular fluid -
in the blood vessels of the body
Transcellular fluid -
fluid separated from plasma by epithelium
The majority of body fluid is -
intracellular
Body fluids are composed of -
water and solutes
Solutes -
substances that dissolve in a solvent (liquid)
2|Page
