AQA BIOLOGY EXAM STYLE
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
explain ytthe ytstructure ytof ytphospholip ytmakes ytthem ytable ytto ytform ytbilayer ytof ytcell
ytmembraney yt- ytANS--phospholipid ythead ytare ythydrophilic ytand ytthe yttail ytis
ythydrophobic. ytthey ytform yta ytdouble ytlayer ytwith ytthe ythydrophylic ythead ytfacing ytthe
ytwater ytand ytthe ythydrophibic yttail ytfaces ytinwars. ytthe ytcenter ytof ytthe ytmembrane
ytbilayer ythydrohoic ytso ytwater ytsoluable ytsubstances ytcant yteasily ytpass ytthrough
Describe ytthe ytstructure ytof yta ytcellulose ytmolecule ytand ytexplain ythow ytcellulose ytis
ytadapted ytfor ytits ytfunction ytin ytcells. yt- ytANS--1. ytmade ytfrom ytβ-glucose;
2. ytjoined ytby ytcondensation yt/ ytremoving ytmolecule ytof ytwater yt/ ytglycosidic ytbond;
3. yt1 yt: yt4 ytlink ytspecified ytor ytdescribed;
4. yt"flipping ytover" ytof ytalternate ytmolecules;
5. ythydrogen ytbonds ytlinking ytchains yt/ ytlong ytstraight ytchains;
6. ytcellulose ytmakes ytcell ytwalls ytstrong yt/ ytcellulose ytfibres ytare ytstrong;
7. ytcan ytresist ytturgor ytpressure yt/ ytosmotic ytpressure yt/ ytpulling ytforces;
8. ytbond ytdifficult ytto ytbreak;
9. ytresists ytdigestion yt/ ytaction ytof ytmicroorganisms yt/ ytenzymes;
Why ytis ytthe ytgenetic ytcode ytdescribed ytas ytbeing ytuniversal? yt- ytANS--(In ytall
ytorganisms yt/ ytDNA,) ytthe ytsame yttriplet ytcodes ytfor ytthe ytsame ytamino ytacid;
Accept ytcodon yt/ ytsame ytthree ytbases yt/ ytnucleotides
Mutation yt1 ytleads ytto ytthe ytproduction ytof yta ytnon-functional ytprotein. ytwhen ytmutatio
ytoccurson ytthe ytextrons
Explain ytwhy.
___________ yt- ytANS--(Mutation) ytchanges yttriplets yt/ ytcodons ytafter ytthat ytpoint yt/
ytcauses ytframe ytshift;
Accept ytchanges ytsplicing ytsite
Ignore ytchanges ytin ytsequence ytof ytnucleotides yt/ ytbases
2. ytChanges ytamino ytacid ytsequence yt(after ytthis) yt/ ytcodes ytfor ytdifferent ytamino
ytacids yt(after ytthis);
Accept ytchanges ytprimary ytstructure
,Reject ytchanges ytamino ytacid ytformed yt/ ytone ytamino ytacid ytchanged
3. ytAffects ythydrogen yt/ ytionic yt/ ytsulfur ytbond yt(not ytpeptide ytbond);
4. ytChanges yttertiary ytstructure ytof ytprotein yt(so ytnon-functional);
What yteffect ytmight ytmutation yt2 ythave yton ytthe ytprotein ytproduced?
Explain ytyour ytanswer.
MUTATION yt2 ytIS ytON ytTHE ytINTRONS yt- ytANS--Intron ytnon-coding yt(DNA) yt/ ytonly
ytexons ytcoding;
Context ytis ytthe ytintron
Do ytnot ytmix ytand ytmatch ytfrom ytalternatives
Neutral ytreferences ytto ytintrons ytremoved ytduring ytsplicing
1.and yt2. ytIgnore ytref. ytto ytcode ytdegenerate ytand ytget ytsame yt/ ytdifferent ytamino ytacid
ytin ytsequence
2. yt(So) ytnot yttranslated yt/ ytno ytchange ytin ytmRNA ytproduced yt/ ytno yteffect yt(on
ytprotein) yt/ ytno yteffect yton ytamino ytacid ytsequence;
Suggest ythow ytthis ytstudent ytwould ytobtain ytdata ytto ytgive yta ytmore ytprecise ytvalue
ytfor ytthe ytindex ytof ytdiversity ytof ytthis ythabitat. yt- ytANS--1. ytTake ytmore ytsamples ytand
ytfind ytmean;
2. ytMethod ytfor ytrandomised ytsamples ytdescribed.
What ytis ytthe ytdifference ytbetween ytthese yttwo ytmeasures ytof ytbiodiversity? yt- ytANS--
Species ytrichness ytmeasures ytonly ytnumber ytof yt(different) ytspecies yt/ ytdoes ytnot
ytmeasure ytnumber ytof ytindividuals.
There ytis ytgenetic ytdiversity ytwithin ytHPV.
Give yttwo ytways ytdoctors ytcould ytuse ytbase ytsequences ytto ytcompare ytdifferent yttypes
ytof ytHPV.
1. yt- ytANS--Compare yt(base ytsequences ytof) ytDNA;
2. ytLook ytfor ytmutations/named ytmutations yt(that ytchange ytthe ytbase ytsequence);
3. ytCompare yt(base ytsequences ytof) yt(m)RNA;
,The ytindex ytof ytdiversity ytof ytthe ytinsects ytwas ythigher ytin ytthe ythedge ytthan ytin ytthe
ytbarley ytfield.
Suggest ytwhy. yt- ytANS--More ytplant ytspecies;
2. ytMore ytfood ytsources yt/ ytvariety ytof ytfood;
3. ytMore ythabitats yt/ ytniches;
Explain ytwhy ytCO2 ytuptake ytis yta ytmeasure ytof ytnet ytproductivity. yt- ytANS--Shows
yt(gross) ytphotosynthesis yt/ ytproductivity ytminus ytrespiration yt/ ytmore ytcarbon ytdioxide
ytused ytin ytphotosynthesis ytthan ytproduced ytin ytrespiration;
what ytafects ytplant ytgroth yt- ytANS--light ytitesity
co2 ytconcentration yt
water
yttemperature
Explain ytfour ytways ytin ytwhich ytthe ytstructure ytof ytthe ytaorta ytis ytrelated ytto ytits
ytfunction. yt- ytANS--Elastic yttissue ytto ytallow ytstretching yt/ ytrecoil yt/ ytsmoothes ytout
ytflow ytof ytblood yt/ ytmaintains ytpressure;
2. yt(Elastic yttissue) ytstretches ytwhen ytventricles ytcontract
OR
Recoils ytwhen ytventricle ytrelaxes;
3. ytMuscle ytfor ytcontraction yt/ ytvasoconstriction;
4. ytThick ytwall ytwithstands ytpressure ytOR ytstop ytbursting;
5. ytSmooth ytendothelium ytreduces ytfriction;
6. ytAortic ytvalve yt/ ytsemi-lunar ytvalve ytprevents ytbackflow.
Suggest ythow yta ytmutation ytcan ytlead ytto ytthe ytproduction ytof yta ytprotein ytthat ythas
ytone ytamino ytacid ytmissing. yt- ytANS--Loss ytof yt3 ytbases yt/ yttriplet yt= yt2 ytmarks;;
'Stop ytcodon yt/ ytcode ytformed' yt= yt1 ytmark ytmax ytunless ytrelated ytto ytthe ytlast ytamino
ytacid
Loss ytof ytbase(s) yt= yt1 ytmark;
eg yttriplet ytfor ytlast ytamino ytacid ytis ytchanged ytto yta ytstop ytcodon yt/ ytcode yt= yt2 ytmarks
, 3 ytbases yt/ yttriplet ytforms ytan ytintron yt= yt2 ytmarks
Accept: ytdescriptions ytfor yt'intron' yteg ytnon-coding ytDNA
'Loss ytof ytcodon' yt= yt2 ytmarks
Describe ythow ytbreeding ytexperiments ytcould ytdetermine ytwhether ytthe yttwo
ytpopulations ytare ytfrom ytthe ytsame ytspecies.
_______________________________ yt- ytANS--Breed ytthe yttwo ytmice yttogether;
2. yt(Same ytspecies) ytproduce ytfertile ytoffspring.
The ytbiologists ytanalysed ytthe ytamino ytacid ytsequences ytof ytthe ytblood ytprotein
ytsamples ytfrom ytthese ythummingbirds.
Explain ythow ytthese ytsequences ytcould ytprovide ytevidence ytas ytto ytwhether ytthe
ytcrimson yttopaz ytand ytthe ytfiery yttopaz ytare ytdifferent ytspecies. yt- ytANS--Different
ytspecies ytwould ythave ytdifferent ytamino ytacid ytsequences;
Accept ytmore ytclosely ytrelated yt= ytmore ytsimilar ytsequence
2. ytAmino ytacid ytsequence ytis ytthe ytresult ytof ytDNA yt/ ytalleles yt/ ytbase ytsequence;
Explain ythow ytthe ytstandard ytdeviation ythelps ytin ytthe ytinterpretation ytof ytthese ytdata.
yt- ytANS--1. ytShows ytthe ytspread ytof ytthe ytdata yt/ ythow ytdata ytvaries;
1. ytReject ytrange.
ytAccept ytvaries ytfrom ytthe ytmean
2. ytOverlap yt= ytno ytdifference yt/ ytdue ytto ytchance yt/ ytnot ytsignificant;
Describe ythow ytoxygen ytin ytthe ytair ytreaches ytcapillaries ytsurrounding ytalveoli ytin ytthe
ytlungs. ytDetails ytof ytbreathing ytare ytnot ytrequired.e ytair ytreaches ytcapillaries
ytsurrounding ytalveoli ytin ytthe ytlungs. ytDetails ytof ytbreathing ytare ytnot ytrequired. yt-
ytANS--Trachea ytand ytbronchi ytand ytbronchioles;
2. ytDown ytpressure ytgradient;
3. ytDown ytdiffusion ytgradient;
4. ytAcross ytalveolar ytepithelium.
Capillary ytwall ytneutral
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
explain ytthe ytstructure ytof ytphospholip ytmakes ytthem ytable ytto ytform ytbilayer ytof ytcell
ytmembraney yt- ytANS--phospholipid ythead ytare ythydrophilic ytand ytthe yttail ytis
ythydrophobic. ytthey ytform yta ytdouble ytlayer ytwith ytthe ythydrophylic ythead ytfacing ytthe
ytwater ytand ytthe ythydrophibic yttail ytfaces ytinwars. ytthe ytcenter ytof ytthe ytmembrane
ytbilayer ythydrohoic ytso ytwater ytsoluable ytsubstances ytcant yteasily ytpass ytthrough
Describe ytthe ytstructure ytof yta ytcellulose ytmolecule ytand ytexplain ythow ytcellulose ytis
ytadapted ytfor ytits ytfunction ytin ytcells. yt- ytANS--1. ytmade ytfrom ytβ-glucose;
2. ytjoined ytby ytcondensation yt/ ytremoving ytmolecule ytof ytwater yt/ ytglycosidic ytbond;
3. yt1 yt: yt4 ytlink ytspecified ytor ytdescribed;
4. yt"flipping ytover" ytof ytalternate ytmolecules;
5. ythydrogen ytbonds ytlinking ytchains yt/ ytlong ytstraight ytchains;
6. ytcellulose ytmakes ytcell ytwalls ytstrong yt/ ytcellulose ytfibres ytare ytstrong;
7. ytcan ytresist ytturgor ytpressure yt/ ytosmotic ytpressure yt/ ytpulling ytforces;
8. ytbond ytdifficult ytto ytbreak;
9. ytresists ytdigestion yt/ ytaction ytof ytmicroorganisms yt/ ytenzymes;
Why ytis ytthe ytgenetic ytcode ytdescribed ytas ytbeing ytuniversal? yt- ytANS--(In ytall
ytorganisms yt/ ytDNA,) ytthe ytsame yttriplet ytcodes ytfor ytthe ytsame ytamino ytacid;
Accept ytcodon yt/ ytsame ytthree ytbases yt/ ytnucleotides
Mutation yt1 ytleads ytto ytthe ytproduction ytof yta ytnon-functional ytprotein. ytwhen ytmutatio
ytoccurson ytthe ytextrons
Explain ytwhy.
___________ yt- ytANS--(Mutation) ytchanges yttriplets yt/ ytcodons ytafter ytthat ytpoint yt/
ytcauses ytframe ytshift;
Accept ytchanges ytsplicing ytsite
Ignore ytchanges ytin ytsequence ytof ytnucleotides yt/ ytbases
2. ytChanges ytamino ytacid ytsequence yt(after ytthis) yt/ ytcodes ytfor ytdifferent ytamino
ytacids yt(after ytthis);
Accept ytchanges ytprimary ytstructure
,Reject ytchanges ytamino ytacid ytformed yt/ ytone ytamino ytacid ytchanged
3. ytAffects ythydrogen yt/ ytionic yt/ ytsulfur ytbond yt(not ytpeptide ytbond);
4. ytChanges yttertiary ytstructure ytof ytprotein yt(so ytnon-functional);
What yteffect ytmight ytmutation yt2 ythave yton ytthe ytprotein ytproduced?
Explain ytyour ytanswer.
MUTATION yt2 ytIS ytON ytTHE ytINTRONS yt- ytANS--Intron ytnon-coding yt(DNA) yt/ ytonly
ytexons ytcoding;
Context ytis ytthe ytintron
Do ytnot ytmix ytand ytmatch ytfrom ytalternatives
Neutral ytreferences ytto ytintrons ytremoved ytduring ytsplicing
1.and yt2. ytIgnore ytref. ytto ytcode ytdegenerate ytand ytget ytsame yt/ ytdifferent ytamino ytacid
ytin ytsequence
2. yt(So) ytnot yttranslated yt/ ytno ytchange ytin ytmRNA ytproduced yt/ ytno yteffect yt(on
ytprotein) yt/ ytno yteffect yton ytamino ytacid ytsequence;
Suggest ythow ytthis ytstudent ytwould ytobtain ytdata ytto ytgive yta ytmore ytprecise ytvalue
ytfor ytthe ytindex ytof ytdiversity ytof ytthis ythabitat. yt- ytANS--1. ytTake ytmore ytsamples ytand
ytfind ytmean;
2. ytMethod ytfor ytrandomised ytsamples ytdescribed.
What ytis ytthe ytdifference ytbetween ytthese yttwo ytmeasures ytof ytbiodiversity? yt- ytANS--
Species ytrichness ytmeasures ytonly ytnumber ytof yt(different) ytspecies yt/ ytdoes ytnot
ytmeasure ytnumber ytof ytindividuals.
There ytis ytgenetic ytdiversity ytwithin ytHPV.
Give yttwo ytways ytdoctors ytcould ytuse ytbase ytsequences ytto ytcompare ytdifferent yttypes
ytof ytHPV.
1. yt- ytANS--Compare yt(base ytsequences ytof) ytDNA;
2. ytLook ytfor ytmutations/named ytmutations yt(that ytchange ytthe ytbase ytsequence);
3. ytCompare yt(base ytsequences ytof) yt(m)RNA;
,The ytindex ytof ytdiversity ytof ytthe ytinsects ytwas ythigher ytin ytthe ythedge ytthan ytin ytthe
ytbarley ytfield.
Suggest ytwhy. yt- ytANS--More ytplant ytspecies;
2. ytMore ytfood ytsources yt/ ytvariety ytof ytfood;
3. ytMore ythabitats yt/ ytniches;
Explain ytwhy ytCO2 ytuptake ytis yta ytmeasure ytof ytnet ytproductivity. yt- ytANS--Shows
yt(gross) ytphotosynthesis yt/ ytproductivity ytminus ytrespiration yt/ ytmore ytcarbon ytdioxide
ytused ytin ytphotosynthesis ytthan ytproduced ytin ytrespiration;
what ytafects ytplant ytgroth yt- ytANS--light ytitesity
co2 ytconcentration yt
water
yttemperature
Explain ytfour ytways ytin ytwhich ytthe ytstructure ytof ytthe ytaorta ytis ytrelated ytto ytits
ytfunction. yt- ytANS--Elastic yttissue ytto ytallow ytstretching yt/ ytrecoil yt/ ytsmoothes ytout
ytflow ytof ytblood yt/ ytmaintains ytpressure;
2. yt(Elastic yttissue) ytstretches ytwhen ytventricles ytcontract
OR
Recoils ytwhen ytventricle ytrelaxes;
3. ytMuscle ytfor ytcontraction yt/ ytvasoconstriction;
4. ytThick ytwall ytwithstands ytpressure ytOR ytstop ytbursting;
5. ytSmooth ytendothelium ytreduces ytfriction;
6. ytAortic ytvalve yt/ ytsemi-lunar ytvalve ytprevents ytbackflow.
Suggest ythow yta ytmutation ytcan ytlead ytto ytthe ytproduction ytof yta ytprotein ytthat ythas
ytone ytamino ytacid ytmissing. yt- ytANS--Loss ytof yt3 ytbases yt/ yttriplet yt= yt2 ytmarks;;
'Stop ytcodon yt/ ytcode ytformed' yt= yt1 ytmark ytmax ytunless ytrelated ytto ytthe ytlast ytamino
ytacid
Loss ytof ytbase(s) yt= yt1 ytmark;
eg yttriplet ytfor ytlast ytamino ytacid ytis ytchanged ytto yta ytstop ytcodon yt/ ytcode yt= yt2 ytmarks
, 3 ytbases yt/ yttriplet ytforms ytan ytintron yt= yt2 ytmarks
Accept: ytdescriptions ytfor yt'intron' yteg ytnon-coding ytDNA
'Loss ytof ytcodon' yt= yt2 ytmarks
Describe ythow ytbreeding ytexperiments ytcould ytdetermine ytwhether ytthe yttwo
ytpopulations ytare ytfrom ytthe ytsame ytspecies.
_______________________________ yt- ytANS--Breed ytthe yttwo ytmice yttogether;
2. yt(Same ytspecies) ytproduce ytfertile ytoffspring.
The ytbiologists ytanalysed ytthe ytamino ytacid ytsequences ytof ytthe ytblood ytprotein
ytsamples ytfrom ytthese ythummingbirds.
Explain ythow ytthese ytsequences ytcould ytprovide ytevidence ytas ytto ytwhether ytthe
ytcrimson yttopaz ytand ytthe ytfiery yttopaz ytare ytdifferent ytspecies. yt- ytANS--Different
ytspecies ytwould ythave ytdifferent ytamino ytacid ytsequences;
Accept ytmore ytclosely ytrelated yt= ytmore ytsimilar ytsequence
2. ytAmino ytacid ytsequence ytis ytthe ytresult ytof ytDNA yt/ ytalleles yt/ ytbase ytsequence;
Explain ythow ytthe ytstandard ytdeviation ythelps ytin ytthe ytinterpretation ytof ytthese ytdata.
yt- ytANS--1. ytShows ytthe ytspread ytof ytthe ytdata yt/ ythow ytdata ytvaries;
1. ytReject ytrange.
ytAccept ytvaries ytfrom ytthe ytmean
2. ytOverlap yt= ytno ytdifference yt/ ytdue ytto ytchance yt/ ytnot ytsignificant;
Describe ythow ytoxygen ytin ytthe ytair ytreaches ytcapillaries ytsurrounding ytalveoli ytin ytthe
ytlungs. ytDetails ytof ytbreathing ytare ytnot ytrequired.e ytair ytreaches ytcapillaries
ytsurrounding ytalveoli ytin ytthe ytlungs. ytDetails ytof ytbreathing ytare ytnot ytrequired. yt-
ytANS--Trachea ytand ytbronchi ytand ytbronchioles;
2. ytDown ytpressure ytgradient;
3. ytDown ytdiffusion ytgradient;
4. ytAcross ytalveolar ytepithelium.
Capillary ytwall ytneutral
