Edexcel A Level Biology Topic 1
Questions
Atherosclerosis - ANS - 1- Endothelium damaged or dysfunctional
2-Inflammatory response
3-Calcium salts and fibrous tissues harden, forming plaque
4-Increased blood pressure, positive feedback
\Case-control study - ANS - Compares a group of people with a disease to a group of people
without a disease
\Causation definition - ANS - A change in one variable is responsible for a change in another
\Clotting cascade process - ANS - 1- Platelets and damaged tissue release thromboplastin
2- prothrombin to thrombin
3- thrombin catalyses fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin
4- Fibrin mesh traps platelets and red blood cells
\Cohort studies - ANS - Record exposures of a large group of unaffected people throughout time
\Correlation definition - ANS - A change in one variable is reflected by a change in another
\CVD risk factor: Diet - ANS - -Too much salt increases BP
-Alcohol constricts arteries, increases BP
-Obesity increases risk
-High in sat fat and low in unsat fat increases risk
\CVD risk factor: Genetics - ANS - -Some alleles increase risk of CVD
-Family history increases risk
\CVD risk: Blood Pressure - ANS - -High BP increases risk of damaging arteries
\CVD risk: Inactivity - ANS - -Exercise improves coronary circulation
-Increases HDL
-reduces cardiac output and increases heart rate, reducing elasticity of artery walls
\CVD risk: Smoking - ANS - -Lowers HDL
-Increased heart rate and BP
-Toxins damage artery lining
-Increases platelet stickiness
-More free radicals
\Features of atrial systole - ANS - -Atria contract, ventricles relax
-Atrioventricular valves open
-Blood pushed into ventricles
\Features of cardiac diastole - ANS - -Atria and ventricles relaxed
-Blood returns to heart
-Atria and ventricles fill
\features of the heart - ANS - -Four chambered, sends blood to the upper and lower body.
-double pump
\Features of ventricular systole - ANS - -Ventricles contract , atria relax
-Semilunar valves open
Questions
Atherosclerosis - ANS - 1- Endothelium damaged or dysfunctional
2-Inflammatory response
3-Calcium salts and fibrous tissues harden, forming plaque
4-Increased blood pressure, positive feedback
\Case-control study - ANS - Compares a group of people with a disease to a group of people
without a disease
\Causation definition - ANS - A change in one variable is responsible for a change in another
\Clotting cascade process - ANS - 1- Platelets and damaged tissue release thromboplastin
2- prothrombin to thrombin
3- thrombin catalyses fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin
4- Fibrin mesh traps platelets and red blood cells
\Cohort studies - ANS - Record exposures of a large group of unaffected people throughout time
\Correlation definition - ANS - A change in one variable is reflected by a change in another
\CVD risk factor: Diet - ANS - -Too much salt increases BP
-Alcohol constricts arteries, increases BP
-Obesity increases risk
-High in sat fat and low in unsat fat increases risk
\CVD risk factor: Genetics - ANS - -Some alleles increase risk of CVD
-Family history increases risk
\CVD risk: Blood Pressure - ANS - -High BP increases risk of damaging arteries
\CVD risk: Inactivity - ANS - -Exercise improves coronary circulation
-Increases HDL
-reduces cardiac output and increases heart rate, reducing elasticity of artery walls
\CVD risk: Smoking - ANS - -Lowers HDL
-Increased heart rate and BP
-Toxins damage artery lining
-Increases platelet stickiness
-More free radicals
\Features of atrial systole - ANS - -Atria contract, ventricles relax
-Atrioventricular valves open
-Blood pushed into ventricles
\Features of cardiac diastole - ANS - -Atria and ventricles relaxed
-Blood returns to heart
-Atria and ventricles fill
\features of the heart - ANS - -Four chambered, sends blood to the upper and lower body.
-double pump
\Features of ventricular systole - ANS - -Ventricles contract , atria relax
-Semilunar valves open
