ULTIMATE PRAXIS 5331 2025
SPEECH PATHOLOGY
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION
QUESTION 1
s/z ratio - ANSWERS-helps to determine whether there is a laryngeal pathology
present, continue to produce /s/ and /z/ phonemes. Longer than 1.4 is indicative of
possible laryngeal pathology
QUESTION 2
hypernasality - ANSWERS-excessive nasality, results when velopharyngeal
mechanism does not close the opening to nasal passage during the production of
non-nasal sounds
QUESTION 3
velopharyngeal insufficiency - ANSWERS-cause of hypernasality the
velopharyngeal mechanism is inadequate to achieve closure as a result the nasal
cavities are not sealed off appropriately from the oral cavity; causes can be
heterogeneous, neurological, structural or learned
END OF
PAGE 1
, ULTIMATE PRAXIS 5331 2025
SPEECH PATHOLOGY
QUESTION 4
hyponasality - ANSWERS-lack of appropriate nasal resonance on nasal sounds /m/
/n/ and /ng/. patients often substitute oral sounds for nasal sounds; frequent
substitutions
QUESTION 5
Hemangioma - ANSWERS-soft, pliable and filled with blood. Occur in posterior
glottal area. Caused by intubation or hyperacidity due to gastroesophageal reflux
QUESTION 6
Myasthenia gravis - ANSWERS-Neuromuscular autoimmune disease produces
fatigue and muscle weakness. Sounds hypernasal, breathy, hoarse, soft in volume,
dysphagia and distorted articulation may be present
QUESTION 7
Broca's aphasia - ANSWERS-Lesion in posterior inferior frontal gyrus of the left
hemisphere of the brain; nonfluent, effortful, slow, halting and uneven, limited
END OF
PAGE 2
, ULTIMATE PRAXIS 5331 2025
SPEECH PATHOLOGY
word output, short phrases and sentences, misarticulated or distorted sounds,
agrammatic or telegraphic speech
QUESTION 8
Transcortical motor aphasia - ANSWERS-Nonfluent variety of aphasia, lesions in
the anterior superior frontal lobe; characterized by speechless, absent or reduced
spontaneous speech, echolalia and preservation, nonfluent, paraphasic, agrammatic
and telegraphic speech
QUESTION 9
mixed transcortical aphasia - ANSWERS-Nonfluent aphasia caused by lesion in
watershed area, limited spontaneous speech, severe echolalia, severely impaired
fluency, severely impaired reading, reading comprehension, unimpaired automatic
speech
QUESTION 10
Global aphasia - ANSWERS-Most severe form of nonfluent aphasia, extensive
lesions in the brain. Characterized by profoundly impaired language skills, reduced
fluency, impaired repetition, impaired naming, auditory comprehension limited,
perseveration, impaired reading and writing
END OF
PAGE 3
, ULTIMATE PRAXIS 5331 2025
SPEECH PATHOLOGY
QUESTION 11
vocal fold nodules - ANSWERS-Typically bilateral and sit opposite of each other,
typically appear at the junction of the anterior and middle third portion of the folds
QUESTION 12
cluttering - ANSWERS-Highly dysfluent, rapid, unclear and disorganized speech.
Lack of personal concern or reduced awareness about problem
QUESTION 13
gestural AAC - ANSWERS-No instruments or external aids are used; pantomime,
eyeblink encoding, American Indian hand talk, ASL
QUESTION 14
Hemorrhagic stroke - ANSWERS-Caused by bleeding in the brain due to ruptured
blood vessels. Intracerebral (within brain) or extracerebral (within the meninges,
resulting in subarachnoid, subdural and epidural varieties)
QUESTION 15
END OF
PAGE 4
SPEECH PATHOLOGY
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION
QUESTION 1
s/z ratio - ANSWERS-helps to determine whether there is a laryngeal pathology
present, continue to produce /s/ and /z/ phonemes. Longer than 1.4 is indicative of
possible laryngeal pathology
QUESTION 2
hypernasality - ANSWERS-excessive nasality, results when velopharyngeal
mechanism does not close the opening to nasal passage during the production of
non-nasal sounds
QUESTION 3
velopharyngeal insufficiency - ANSWERS-cause of hypernasality the
velopharyngeal mechanism is inadequate to achieve closure as a result the nasal
cavities are not sealed off appropriately from the oral cavity; causes can be
heterogeneous, neurological, structural or learned
END OF
PAGE 1
, ULTIMATE PRAXIS 5331 2025
SPEECH PATHOLOGY
QUESTION 4
hyponasality - ANSWERS-lack of appropriate nasal resonance on nasal sounds /m/
/n/ and /ng/. patients often substitute oral sounds for nasal sounds; frequent
substitutions
QUESTION 5
Hemangioma - ANSWERS-soft, pliable and filled with blood. Occur in posterior
glottal area. Caused by intubation or hyperacidity due to gastroesophageal reflux
QUESTION 6
Myasthenia gravis - ANSWERS-Neuromuscular autoimmune disease produces
fatigue and muscle weakness. Sounds hypernasal, breathy, hoarse, soft in volume,
dysphagia and distorted articulation may be present
QUESTION 7
Broca's aphasia - ANSWERS-Lesion in posterior inferior frontal gyrus of the left
hemisphere of the brain; nonfluent, effortful, slow, halting and uneven, limited
END OF
PAGE 2
, ULTIMATE PRAXIS 5331 2025
SPEECH PATHOLOGY
word output, short phrases and sentences, misarticulated or distorted sounds,
agrammatic or telegraphic speech
QUESTION 8
Transcortical motor aphasia - ANSWERS-Nonfluent variety of aphasia, lesions in
the anterior superior frontal lobe; characterized by speechless, absent or reduced
spontaneous speech, echolalia and preservation, nonfluent, paraphasic, agrammatic
and telegraphic speech
QUESTION 9
mixed transcortical aphasia - ANSWERS-Nonfluent aphasia caused by lesion in
watershed area, limited spontaneous speech, severe echolalia, severely impaired
fluency, severely impaired reading, reading comprehension, unimpaired automatic
speech
QUESTION 10
Global aphasia - ANSWERS-Most severe form of nonfluent aphasia, extensive
lesions in the brain. Characterized by profoundly impaired language skills, reduced
fluency, impaired repetition, impaired naming, auditory comprehension limited,
perseveration, impaired reading and writing
END OF
PAGE 3
, ULTIMATE PRAXIS 5331 2025
SPEECH PATHOLOGY
QUESTION 11
vocal fold nodules - ANSWERS-Typically bilateral and sit opposite of each other,
typically appear at the junction of the anterior and middle third portion of the folds
QUESTION 12
cluttering - ANSWERS-Highly dysfluent, rapid, unclear and disorganized speech.
Lack of personal concern or reduced awareness about problem
QUESTION 13
gestural AAC - ANSWERS-No instruments or external aids are used; pantomime,
eyeblink encoding, American Indian hand talk, ASL
QUESTION 14
Hemorrhagic stroke - ANSWERS-Caused by bleeding in the brain due to ruptured
blood vessels. Intracerebral (within brain) or extracerebral (within the meninges,
resulting in subarachnoid, subdural and epidural varieties)
QUESTION 15
END OF
PAGE 4
