HESI Biology Exam Questions and Correct
Answers
nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and
responsible for growth and reproduction
ribosomes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅non membrane bounded organelles responsible for
protein synthesis
endoplasmic reticlum - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅a system of membranes that is found in
a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in
the production of lipids
golgi bodies - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅They receive proteins and other newlly formed
materials from the ER, package them, and distribute them to other parts of the cell
lysosomes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅filled with enzymes used to break down food into
particles that can be used
vacuoles - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅saclike structures that store materials such as water,
salts, proteins, and carbohydrates in the cytoplasm
mitochondia - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅"power plants" of the cell; contain enzymes and
generators that break down food molecules and use the energy released to produce ATP
chloroplasts - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅organelles that capture the energy from sunlight
and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis
cytoskeleton - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅a microscopic network of actin filaments and
microtubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells that gives the cell shape and coherence
, cilia - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅short structures projecting from a cell and containing
bundles of microtubules that move a cell through its surroundings or move fluid over the cell's
surface
cell membrane - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅thin, flexible barrier around a cell, regulates
what enters and leaves the cell
cell wall - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅a rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the
cells of plants and some other organisms
diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅process by which molecules tend to move from an
area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated
osmosis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅diffusion of water
isotonic - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅(used of solutions) having the same or equal osmotic
pressure
hypotonic - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅describes a solution whose solute concentration is
lower than the solute concentration inside a cell
hypertonic - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅describes a solution whose solute concentration is
higher than the solute concentration inside a cell
passive transport - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅The movement of materials through a cell
membrane without using energy
active transport - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅transport of a substance (as a protein or drug)
across a cell membrane against the concentration gradient, requires energy
Answers
nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and
responsible for growth and reproduction
ribosomes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅non membrane bounded organelles responsible for
protein synthesis
endoplasmic reticlum - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅a system of membranes that is found in
a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in
the production of lipids
golgi bodies - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅They receive proteins and other newlly formed
materials from the ER, package them, and distribute them to other parts of the cell
lysosomes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅filled with enzymes used to break down food into
particles that can be used
vacuoles - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅saclike structures that store materials such as water,
salts, proteins, and carbohydrates in the cytoplasm
mitochondia - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅"power plants" of the cell; contain enzymes and
generators that break down food molecules and use the energy released to produce ATP
chloroplasts - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅organelles that capture the energy from sunlight
and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis
cytoskeleton - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅a microscopic network of actin filaments and
microtubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells that gives the cell shape and coherence
, cilia - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅short structures projecting from a cell and containing
bundles of microtubules that move a cell through its surroundings or move fluid over the cell's
surface
cell membrane - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅thin, flexible barrier around a cell, regulates
what enters and leaves the cell
cell wall - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅a rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the
cells of plants and some other organisms
diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅process by which molecules tend to move from an
area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated
osmosis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅diffusion of water
isotonic - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅(used of solutions) having the same or equal osmotic
pressure
hypotonic - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅describes a solution whose solute concentration is
lower than the solute concentration inside a cell
hypertonic - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅describes a solution whose solute concentration is
higher than the solute concentration inside a cell
passive transport - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅The movement of materials through a cell
membrane without using energy
active transport - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅transport of a substance (as a protein or drug)
across a cell membrane against the concentration gradient, requires energy
