Chapter 1: Introduction to Environmental Science Test with 100%
Verified Answers
1. Environment The sum total of our surroundings, including all biotic and
abiotic factors
2. Environmental The study of how the natural world works, how our envi-
Science ronment affects us, and how we affect the environment
(interactions)
3. Renewable Nat- Supplies that are unlimited OR can be replenished quickly
ural Resource (sunlight, wind energy, wave energy, geothermal energy)
4. Neolithic Revolu- The shift around 10,000 years ago from a hunter-gatherer
tion to an agricultural lifestyle (pop growth)
5. Industrial Revo- The shift in the mid-1700s from rural life, animal-powered
lution agriculture, and manufacturing by craftsman to an urban
society powered by fossil fuels (pop growth)
6. Fossil Fuel A nonrenewable natural resource produced by the decom-
position and compression of organic matter from ancient
life
7. Ecological Foot- The total of "direct" and "indirect" (usually negative) im-
print pacts on natural resources that we as a society make on
the environment to maintain our lifestyle.
8. Interdisciplinary Involves input from many different established fields of
Field study across the natural sciences and social sciences
9. Natural Science The academic discipline that examines the natural world
10. Social Science An academic discipline that studies human interactions
and institutions
11. Environmental An academic program that heavily incorporates the social
Studies sciences as well as the natural sciences
12. Environmental- A social movement dedicated to positive change and pro-
ism tection/conservation
13. Scientific Method
1/5
, Chapter 1: Introduction to Environmental Science Test with 100%
Verified Answers
Technique for testing ideas using observations and mak-
ing assumptions
Observation->Questions->Hypothesis->Predic-
tions->Testing->Results (Alternative Hypothesis)
14. Hypothesis A statement that aims to explain a phenomenon or an-
swers a scientific question (educated guess)
15. Manipulative Ex- Independent variable can be manipulated (chem-
periment istry/physics)
16. Independent Variable that is manipulated, changed, or altered
Variable
17. Dependent Vari- Variable that is the outcome/result and depends on
able change
18. Controlled Ex- A study in which the effects of ALL variables are held
periment constant (controlled), except the one being tested by com-
parison of treatment and control conditions
19. Quantitative Data Information that can be expressed in numbers - it's more
exact/precise
20. Peer Review An evaluation by other specialists in the field, who provide
comments and criticism
21. Theory A widely accepted, well-tested explanation of one or more
cause-and-effect relationships
22. Paradigm A dominant view of a scientific principle or concept
23. Relativist An ethicist who maintains that ethics do and should vary
with social context
24. Universalist An ethicist who maintains that there exist objective notions
of right and wrong that hold across cultures and situations
25. Environmental
Ethics
2/5
Verified Answers
1. Environment The sum total of our surroundings, including all biotic and
abiotic factors
2. Environmental The study of how the natural world works, how our envi-
Science ronment affects us, and how we affect the environment
(interactions)
3. Renewable Nat- Supplies that are unlimited OR can be replenished quickly
ural Resource (sunlight, wind energy, wave energy, geothermal energy)
4. Neolithic Revolu- The shift around 10,000 years ago from a hunter-gatherer
tion to an agricultural lifestyle (pop growth)
5. Industrial Revo- The shift in the mid-1700s from rural life, animal-powered
lution agriculture, and manufacturing by craftsman to an urban
society powered by fossil fuels (pop growth)
6. Fossil Fuel A nonrenewable natural resource produced by the decom-
position and compression of organic matter from ancient
life
7. Ecological Foot- The total of "direct" and "indirect" (usually negative) im-
print pacts on natural resources that we as a society make on
the environment to maintain our lifestyle.
8. Interdisciplinary Involves input from many different established fields of
Field study across the natural sciences and social sciences
9. Natural Science The academic discipline that examines the natural world
10. Social Science An academic discipline that studies human interactions
and institutions
11. Environmental An academic program that heavily incorporates the social
Studies sciences as well as the natural sciences
12. Environmental- A social movement dedicated to positive change and pro-
ism tection/conservation
13. Scientific Method
1/5
, Chapter 1: Introduction to Environmental Science Test with 100%
Verified Answers
Technique for testing ideas using observations and mak-
ing assumptions
Observation->Questions->Hypothesis->Predic-
tions->Testing->Results (Alternative Hypothesis)
14. Hypothesis A statement that aims to explain a phenomenon or an-
swers a scientific question (educated guess)
15. Manipulative Ex- Independent variable can be manipulated (chem-
periment istry/physics)
16. Independent Variable that is manipulated, changed, or altered
Variable
17. Dependent Vari- Variable that is the outcome/result and depends on
able change
18. Controlled Ex- A study in which the effects of ALL variables are held
periment constant (controlled), except the one being tested by com-
parison of treatment and control conditions
19. Quantitative Data Information that can be expressed in numbers - it's more
exact/precise
20. Peer Review An evaluation by other specialists in the field, who provide
comments and criticism
21. Theory A widely accepted, well-tested explanation of one or more
cause-and-effect relationships
22. Paradigm A dominant view of a scientific principle or concept
23. Relativist An ethicist who maintains that ethics do and should vary
with social context
24. Universalist An ethicist who maintains that there exist objective notions
of right and wrong that hold across cultures and situations
25. Environmental
Ethics
2/5
