Exam 1 - Fluid and Electrolytes (Nursing 2)
Fluid and electrolyte imbalances are most common in pts with: -
burns, heart failure, IV fluid replacement, diuretic therapy
Hypovolemia: -
abnormal loss of body fluids, inadequate intake, or plasma to interstitial fluid shift
Types of abnormal loss of fluid: -
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, drainage
Those at risk for hypovolemia: -
Geriatrics, pts with poor dietary habits
ICF: -
Intracellular fluid
___ of body fluid is located within cells. -
2/3
ECF: -
Extracellular fluid
Types of ECF: -
Interstitial, intravascular, transcellular
Interstitial fluid is: -
Between the cells
Intravascular fluid is: -
Plasma
Transcellular fluid is: -
Fluid transferred between cells
Infant to young adult fluid percentage: -
70-80%
Young adult to elderly fluid percentage: -
50-60%
Elder fluid percentage: -
45-55%
Geriatrics have a difficult time maintaining fluid balance due to: -
structural changes in their kidneys which decrease ability to conserve water (pt
excretes Na+), hormonal changes lead to decrease in ADH, loss of SQ tissue leads to
increased loss of moisture, reduced thirst, functional limitations
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, Electrolytes: -
Substances whose molecules dissociate into ions when placed into water
Positively charged electrolytes: -
Na+, K+
Negatively charged electrolytes: -
PO4-3 (Phosphorous)
Cations are: -
positively charged
Anions are: -
negatively charged
In ECF, the prevalent cation is: -
Na+
In ECF, the prevalent anion is: -
Cl
In ICF, the prevalent cation is: -
K+
In ICF, the prevalent anion is: -
PO4-3
The reason blood tastes salty is because: -
The prevalent cation in plasma is Na+
Simple diffusion: -
movement of molecules from high concentration to low
Sample of simple diffusion: -
Students filing single file from class into an empty hallway
Facilitated diffusion: -
uses carrier to move molecules
Sample of facilitated diffusion: -
Students filing single file from class into an empty hallway, carrying other students
on their back
Active transport: -
process in which molecules that move against the grain
Sample of active transport: -
Students pushing against a block in the doorway to get into the hallway
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Fluid and electrolyte imbalances are most common in pts with: -
burns, heart failure, IV fluid replacement, diuretic therapy
Hypovolemia: -
abnormal loss of body fluids, inadequate intake, or plasma to interstitial fluid shift
Types of abnormal loss of fluid: -
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, drainage
Those at risk for hypovolemia: -
Geriatrics, pts with poor dietary habits
ICF: -
Intracellular fluid
___ of body fluid is located within cells. -
2/3
ECF: -
Extracellular fluid
Types of ECF: -
Interstitial, intravascular, transcellular
Interstitial fluid is: -
Between the cells
Intravascular fluid is: -
Plasma
Transcellular fluid is: -
Fluid transferred between cells
Infant to young adult fluid percentage: -
70-80%
Young adult to elderly fluid percentage: -
50-60%
Elder fluid percentage: -
45-55%
Geriatrics have a difficult time maintaining fluid balance due to: -
structural changes in their kidneys which decrease ability to conserve water (pt
excretes Na+), hormonal changes lead to decrease in ADH, loss of SQ tissue leads to
increased loss of moisture, reduced thirst, functional limitations
1|Page
, Electrolytes: -
Substances whose molecules dissociate into ions when placed into water
Positively charged electrolytes: -
Na+, K+
Negatively charged electrolytes: -
PO4-3 (Phosphorous)
Cations are: -
positively charged
Anions are: -
negatively charged
In ECF, the prevalent cation is: -
Na+
In ECF, the prevalent anion is: -
Cl
In ICF, the prevalent cation is: -
K+
In ICF, the prevalent anion is: -
PO4-3
The reason blood tastes salty is because: -
The prevalent cation in plasma is Na+
Simple diffusion: -
movement of molecules from high concentration to low
Sample of simple diffusion: -
Students filing single file from class into an empty hallway
Facilitated diffusion: -
uses carrier to move molecules
Sample of facilitated diffusion: -
Students filing single file from class into an empty hallway, carrying other students
on their back
Active transport: -
process in which molecules that move against the grain
Sample of active transport: -
Students pushing against a block in the doorway to get into the hallway
2|Page
