Anatomy 1
Central nervous system
The brain and the spinal cord
5 vesicle stage
A time in development of a fetus when the main parts of the brain and CNS begin
to form, in 3 groups with 5 parts
1. Rhombencephalon or Hind brain
Oldest part of cns, dating back to 570 million years ago
A. Myelencephalon
develops into the medulla oblongata, a structure found at the posterior of
the brain stem
contains clumps of neurons responsible for unconscious functions,
also vommiting
B. Metencephalon
develops into two components of the brain, the pons and the cerebellum
Pons do unconscious activities, Hear sounds and taste foods
Cerebellum, or little brain, controls many motor functions, balance
coordination posture and learning physical activities
2. mesencephalon or mid brain
Do not change much from the 3 vesicle stage to the 5 vesicle stage
Periaqueductal gray: Pain stimuli, Red nucleus & substantia nigra: complex
movement, Tectum: visual stimuli
3. Prosencephalon or Forebrain
Eventually develops into the “higher order” brain regions like the cerebral
cortex
Anatomy 1 1
, A. Diencephalon
Contains a few major parts
Thalamus: “relay station” In the brain, almost every sensory modality
goes through the thalamus
Hypothalamus: communication route to the bodies endocrine system,
can influence the chemistry and function of the whole body
B. Telencephalon
Basal ganglia
Made up of a series of brain structures, used for motor & habit learning,
emotional processing and habit learning
Cerebral cortex
makes up outermost layer of the brain
attention memory and language
Major lobes of the cortex
Gyri or gyrus: The bumpy outer surface made of raised ridges
sulci or sulcus: Grooved indentations in the brain
Longitudinal fissure: Divides the two hemispheres of the brain
Central sulcus: A prominent groove (fissure) that runs over the top of the brain
Lateral fissure: The main groove that separates the frontal lobe and temporal
lobe, cusping the ear
1. Occipital lobe
Back most part of the brain, right above the cerebellum
processing visual stimuli
V1: “primary visual cortex” within the occipital lobe
2. Temporal Lobe
directly behind the ears, infront of the occipital lobe
Anatomy 1 2
Central nervous system
The brain and the spinal cord
5 vesicle stage
A time in development of a fetus when the main parts of the brain and CNS begin
to form, in 3 groups with 5 parts
1. Rhombencephalon or Hind brain
Oldest part of cns, dating back to 570 million years ago
A. Myelencephalon
develops into the medulla oblongata, a structure found at the posterior of
the brain stem
contains clumps of neurons responsible for unconscious functions,
also vommiting
B. Metencephalon
develops into two components of the brain, the pons and the cerebellum
Pons do unconscious activities, Hear sounds and taste foods
Cerebellum, or little brain, controls many motor functions, balance
coordination posture and learning physical activities
2. mesencephalon or mid brain
Do not change much from the 3 vesicle stage to the 5 vesicle stage
Periaqueductal gray: Pain stimuli, Red nucleus & substantia nigra: complex
movement, Tectum: visual stimuli
3. Prosencephalon or Forebrain
Eventually develops into the “higher order” brain regions like the cerebral
cortex
Anatomy 1 1
, A. Diencephalon
Contains a few major parts
Thalamus: “relay station” In the brain, almost every sensory modality
goes through the thalamus
Hypothalamus: communication route to the bodies endocrine system,
can influence the chemistry and function of the whole body
B. Telencephalon
Basal ganglia
Made up of a series of brain structures, used for motor & habit learning,
emotional processing and habit learning
Cerebral cortex
makes up outermost layer of the brain
attention memory and language
Major lobes of the cortex
Gyri or gyrus: The bumpy outer surface made of raised ridges
sulci or sulcus: Grooved indentations in the brain
Longitudinal fissure: Divides the two hemispheres of the brain
Central sulcus: A prominent groove (fissure) that runs over the top of the brain
Lateral fissure: The main groove that separates the frontal lobe and temporal
lobe, cusping the ear
1. Occipital lobe
Back most part of the brain, right above the cerebellum
processing visual stimuli
V1: “primary visual cortex” within the occipital lobe
2. Temporal Lobe
directly behind the ears, infront of the occipital lobe
Anatomy 1 2
