OCCTH 585 Midterm 1 Questions And
Answers
evidence for a plastic brain - learning and memory
- skill acquisition
- development
- aging
- injury and disease
- recovery
neuron cell that allows transmission of information
dendrites collects/receives information from other sources
cell body integrates incoming signals and generates outgoing signal to the axon;
powerhouse of the cell
axon passes electrical signals (action potential) to dendrites of another cell or to an
effector cell
, OCCTH 585 Midterm 1 Questions And
Answers
synaptic bouton a specialized area within the axon of the presynaptic cell that contains
neurotransmitters enclosed in small membrane-bound spheres called synaptic vesicles
information flow through neurons dendrites receive information, cell body integrates and
generates outgoing signal, information is summated at the axon hillock, axon carries action
potential to synaptic bouton, synaptic bouton releases neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft
where they diffuse across and interact with the post-synaptic cell (neuron or effector cell)
EPSP excitatory post synaptic potential- closer to an action potential, depolarizing
IPSP inhibitory post synaptic potential - further from an action potential, polarizing
action potential the all-or-none electrical signal that travels down a neuron's axon - result
of the spatial/temporal summation of EPSPs and IPSPs
neuroplasticity - change in the properties of neurotransmission
- change in cell properties
- structural/anatomical changes of cells
, OCCTH 585 Midterm 1 Questions And
Answers
change in properties of neurotransmission - change in NT release
- change in post-synaptic potential size/shape
change in cell properties - size and shape
- electrical properties (resistance)
- leakiness
structural/anatomical changes of cells - re-growth of parts of the nervous system (not there
yet)
- growth of axons, dendrites, axonal collateral
unmasking immediate, exposure of pre-existing synapses resulting in functional changes -
synapses were always there, but may not of been functionally recognized
dendritic pruning retraction of unused bits (ex. dendritic spines/branches), resulting in a
loss in real estate and a decrease in energy expenditure - after un-masking occurs, dendrites will
, OCCTH 585 Midterm 1 Questions And
Answers
wait for input, but it they don't receive any this process will take place resulting in a reduction in
cell volume impacting cell function
collateral sprouting growth of new bits (axon branches), requiring time, to fill vacancies
on dendrites/target - process is activity dependent and produces functional changes
how is growth is activity dependent? target cells send out signals for other cells to grow
towards them - the only way for a cell to grow towards the target cell is if it is also active:
- active cells release NT and then "scoop" in excess NT - with this, they will bring in chemicals
from the target cell (neurotrophins/chemoattractants), attracting cell to grow towards target
- dendritic spines release neurotrophins to stabalize the synapse - if the input cell dies, the
neurotrophins release into environment, attacting cells to fill in vacant space
can we stimulate collateral sprouting? yes, via high frequency and intensity stimulation -
tells the nervous system the input is important, because we are receiving a lot of stimulation - so
this drives anatomical and functional changes that support efficacy of the stimulated system
neurogenesis formation of new neurons
Answers
evidence for a plastic brain - learning and memory
- skill acquisition
- development
- aging
- injury and disease
- recovery
neuron cell that allows transmission of information
dendrites collects/receives information from other sources
cell body integrates incoming signals and generates outgoing signal to the axon;
powerhouse of the cell
axon passes electrical signals (action potential) to dendrites of another cell or to an
effector cell
, OCCTH 585 Midterm 1 Questions And
Answers
synaptic bouton a specialized area within the axon of the presynaptic cell that contains
neurotransmitters enclosed in small membrane-bound spheres called synaptic vesicles
information flow through neurons dendrites receive information, cell body integrates and
generates outgoing signal, information is summated at the axon hillock, axon carries action
potential to synaptic bouton, synaptic bouton releases neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft
where they diffuse across and interact with the post-synaptic cell (neuron or effector cell)
EPSP excitatory post synaptic potential- closer to an action potential, depolarizing
IPSP inhibitory post synaptic potential - further from an action potential, polarizing
action potential the all-or-none electrical signal that travels down a neuron's axon - result
of the spatial/temporal summation of EPSPs and IPSPs
neuroplasticity - change in the properties of neurotransmission
- change in cell properties
- structural/anatomical changes of cells
, OCCTH 585 Midterm 1 Questions And
Answers
change in properties of neurotransmission - change in NT release
- change in post-synaptic potential size/shape
change in cell properties - size and shape
- electrical properties (resistance)
- leakiness
structural/anatomical changes of cells - re-growth of parts of the nervous system (not there
yet)
- growth of axons, dendrites, axonal collateral
unmasking immediate, exposure of pre-existing synapses resulting in functional changes -
synapses were always there, but may not of been functionally recognized
dendritic pruning retraction of unused bits (ex. dendritic spines/branches), resulting in a
loss in real estate and a decrease in energy expenditure - after un-masking occurs, dendrites will
, OCCTH 585 Midterm 1 Questions And
Answers
wait for input, but it they don't receive any this process will take place resulting in a reduction in
cell volume impacting cell function
collateral sprouting growth of new bits (axon branches), requiring time, to fill vacancies
on dendrites/target - process is activity dependent and produces functional changes
how is growth is activity dependent? target cells send out signals for other cells to grow
towards them - the only way for a cell to grow towards the target cell is if it is also active:
- active cells release NT and then "scoop" in excess NT - with this, they will bring in chemicals
from the target cell (neurotrophins/chemoattractants), attracting cell to grow towards target
- dendritic spines release neurotrophins to stabalize the synapse - if the input cell dies, the
neurotrophins release into environment, attacting cells to fill in vacant space
can we stimulate collateral sprouting? yes, via high frequency and intensity stimulation -
tells the nervous system the input is important, because we are receiving a lot of stimulation - so
this drives anatomical and functional changes that support efficacy of the stimulated system
neurogenesis formation of new neurons
