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TBI (traumatic brain injury) - ✔✔Traumatically induced structural injury or
physiological disruption of brain function as a result of an external force
(Dynamic loading - car crash organs back and forth and angular loads -
punch)
Symptoms of TBI - ✔✔▪ ALOC or lost
▪ Amnesia
▪ Neurological deficit
▪ Intracranial lesion (organ damage)
▪ Penetrating or closed head injuries
▪ GCS <8
Ages at risk - 15-44 & 75+ (falls, hypertension & meds)
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©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
, Mechanism of injury - ✔✔Transfer of energy from the environment to tissue
above the amount that be adsorbed without dysfunction (Dynamic loading -
car crash organs back and forth and angular loads - punch)
Traumatic brain injury types - ✔✔1. Acceleration (whip lash style injury)
2. Deceleration (blow to the head- hit)
3. Acceleration-deceleration (brain rebounds within the skull coup-
contracoup)
4. Rotational forces
What Traumatic brain injury results in? - ✔✔1. Haematoma
2. Skull fracture
3. Traumatic shearing
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©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.