ECE midterm Exam Questions and Answers All
Correct
. List Erikson's conflicts that relate to children aged birth to school-age, and give an
example of each. - ✔✔Age: infant
conflict: trust vs mistrust
meaning: trust is developed over time providing an infant with consistent, comforting
environment. Trust builds an emotional foundation. A lack of trust can result in poor
emotional stability.
age: toddler
conflict: autonomy vs. shame and doubt
Meaning: toddlers need to explore their own bodies and environment in order to
become confident in themselves. Children who are not allowed to pursue their natural
curiosity will be prone to feel guilt for their actions. When initiative is encouraged, a
person experiments within one's environment. A lack of encouragement for initiative
can result in a feeling of guilt for acting on one's natural curiosity. Age: Preschool
Conflict: initiative vs. guilt Meaning: 4 or 5 year olds begin to develop an interest in
exploring beyond themselves. Children who are not allowed to pursue their natural
curiosity will be prone to feel guilt for their actions. When initiative is encouraged, a
person experiments within one's environment. A lack of encouragement for initiative
can result in a feeling of guilt for acting on one's curiosity. Age: grade school Conflict:
industry vs. inferiority meaning: bwtn ages 6 to 12, children show the ability to develop
competencies. Children who experience these skills and abilities with experience
inferiority. When children attain success, they attain a sense of adequacy and pride. A
lack of industry can result in a feeling of low self worth.
Age: high school Conflict: identity vs. role confusion Meaning: btwn 12 and 18 children
are attempting to define who they are and where they are going. When they develop
their own ideas and opinions, they can form their own identity. A lack of identity will
lead to confusion about who they are.
, Age: early adult conflict: intimacy vs. isolation meaning: btwn 18 and 35 young adu
. List age and examples for each of Piaget's stages. - ✔✔stage: sensorimotor age: 0-2
years old meaning: children learn through sensory perception and motor activity.
stage: preoperational age:2-7 years old meaning: children are bound by what they
experience directly and not by what they think.
stage: concrete-operational age: 7-11 years old meaning: children become more rational
in their thinking. For ex. Realizing that Santa Claus probably doesn't exist.
stage: formal operations age: 11 years and older. Meaning: the final stage of cognitive
development, in which thinking becomes very abstract. Children think beyond the
present and think about ideal situations.
. Vygotsky's learning theory includes two strategies: scaffolding and reciprocal teaching.
Describe both: - ✔✔Scaffolding: children learn through problem-solving experiences
shared with a knowledgeable adult or peer. Initially, the person interacting with the
child assumes more responsibility for guiding the learning. As the children learns, the
responsibility is gradually transferred to him/her.
Reciprocal teaching: a child can perform a task under adult guidance, or with peer
collaboration, that he/she could not achieve alone. Reciprocal teaching encourages a
conversation between children and the adult. This conversation leads to children going
beyond answering questions. It leads to the adult and children taking turns leading small
group discussions. Reciprocal teaching is best understood as a dialogue between the
child care professional and the child, in which participants take turns taking on the role
of the teacher.
. Briefly summarize Maria Montessori's theory on child-centered learning environments.
- ✔✔• Emphasis is placed on the preparation of the learning environment. This
Correct
. List Erikson's conflicts that relate to children aged birth to school-age, and give an
example of each. - ✔✔Age: infant
conflict: trust vs mistrust
meaning: trust is developed over time providing an infant with consistent, comforting
environment. Trust builds an emotional foundation. A lack of trust can result in poor
emotional stability.
age: toddler
conflict: autonomy vs. shame and doubt
Meaning: toddlers need to explore their own bodies and environment in order to
become confident in themselves. Children who are not allowed to pursue their natural
curiosity will be prone to feel guilt for their actions. When initiative is encouraged, a
person experiments within one's environment. A lack of encouragement for initiative
can result in a feeling of guilt for acting on one's natural curiosity. Age: Preschool
Conflict: initiative vs. guilt Meaning: 4 or 5 year olds begin to develop an interest in
exploring beyond themselves. Children who are not allowed to pursue their natural
curiosity will be prone to feel guilt for their actions. When initiative is encouraged, a
person experiments within one's environment. A lack of encouragement for initiative
can result in a feeling of guilt for acting on one's curiosity. Age: grade school Conflict:
industry vs. inferiority meaning: bwtn ages 6 to 12, children show the ability to develop
competencies. Children who experience these skills and abilities with experience
inferiority. When children attain success, they attain a sense of adequacy and pride. A
lack of industry can result in a feeling of low self worth.
Age: high school Conflict: identity vs. role confusion Meaning: btwn 12 and 18 children
are attempting to define who they are and where they are going. When they develop
their own ideas and opinions, they can form their own identity. A lack of identity will
lead to confusion about who they are.
, Age: early adult conflict: intimacy vs. isolation meaning: btwn 18 and 35 young adu
. List age and examples for each of Piaget's stages. - ✔✔stage: sensorimotor age: 0-2
years old meaning: children learn through sensory perception and motor activity.
stage: preoperational age:2-7 years old meaning: children are bound by what they
experience directly and not by what they think.
stage: concrete-operational age: 7-11 years old meaning: children become more rational
in their thinking. For ex. Realizing that Santa Claus probably doesn't exist.
stage: formal operations age: 11 years and older. Meaning: the final stage of cognitive
development, in which thinking becomes very abstract. Children think beyond the
present and think about ideal situations.
. Vygotsky's learning theory includes two strategies: scaffolding and reciprocal teaching.
Describe both: - ✔✔Scaffolding: children learn through problem-solving experiences
shared with a knowledgeable adult or peer. Initially, the person interacting with the
child assumes more responsibility for guiding the learning. As the children learns, the
responsibility is gradually transferred to him/her.
Reciprocal teaching: a child can perform a task under adult guidance, or with peer
collaboration, that he/she could not achieve alone. Reciprocal teaching encourages a
conversation between children and the adult. This conversation leads to children going
beyond answering questions. It leads to the adult and children taking turns leading small
group discussions. Reciprocal teaching is best understood as a dialogue between the
child care professional and the child, in which participants take turns taking on the role
of the teacher.
. Briefly summarize Maria Montessori's theory on child-centered learning environments.
- ✔✔• Emphasis is placed on the preparation of the learning environment. This
