Endocrine Glands & Hormones

What is the primary function of endocrine glands? They secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate various physiological processes. Which endocrine gland is known as the "master gland" and why? The pituitary gland, because it controls the functions of many other endocrine glands. What hormone is secreted by the thyroid gland and regulates metabolism? Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). What is the role of insulin, and which gland produces it? Insulin helps regulate blood glucose levels, and it is produced by the pancreas. Which hormone is released during stress and is known as the "stress hormone"? Cortisol, which is secreted by the adrenal glands. What hormone regulates the sleep-wake cycle, and which gland secretes it? Melatonin, secreted by the pineal gland. What are the functions of parathyroid hormone (PTH)? It regulates calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood and bones. What is the primary function of growth hormone (GH), and where is it secreted? Growth hormone stimulates growth and cell reproduction and is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. Which hormone is responsible for the fight-or-flight response? Adrenaline (epinephrine), secreted by the adrenal medulla. What role does estrogen play in the body, and where is it produced? Estrogen regulates female reproductive functions and is produced primarily by the ovaries. What hormone is essential for maintaining pregnancy, and where is it secreted? Progesterone, which is secreted by the corpus luteum in the ovary and later by the placenta. What is the primary function of testosterone, and where is it produced? Testosterone regulates male reproductive functions and is produced by the testes. How does antidiuretic hormone (ADH) help regulate the body? ADH helps maintain water balance by reducing water excretion by the kidneys. What is the function of oxytocin in the body? Oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding. What are the main hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex? Cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens. What is the function of aldosterone, and where is it secreted? Aldosterone regulates sodium and potassium balance and is secreted by the adrenal cortex. Which hormone helps in the regulation of blood sugar levels during fasting? Glucagon, secreted by the pancreas. What is the role of prolactin, and where is it secreted? Prolactin stimulates milk production in the mammary glands and is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. Which hormone is primarily responsible for lowering blood calcium levels? Calcitonin, which is secreted by the thyroid gland. What are the two main types of hormones based on their chemical nature? Steroid hormones and peptide hormones. Which hormone is released by the kidneys in response to low oxygen levels in the blood? Erythropoietin (EPO). What is the function of thymosin, and where is it produced? Thymosin plays a role in the development of T-cells, and it is produced by the thymus gland. Where are hormones produced? Glands What is the name for hormone production and release? Secretion How are hormones moved about the body? In the bloodstream Where is FSH secreted? Pituitary gland Where is Oestrogen secreted? Ovarian gland Where is LH secreted? Pituitary gland What role does FSH play in the menstrual cycle? Causes egg maturation and release of Oestrogen What role does Oestrogen play in the menstrual cycle? Inhibits FSH production and begins LH production What role does LH play in the menstrual cycle? Releases an egg Which hormone do oral contraceptives inhibit production of? FSH What do Oral contraceptive pills contain? oestrogen and/or progesterone What do fertility drugs contain? FSH (and) LH The name for the system which is composed of all the glands in your body endocrine system The glands situated just above your kidneys adrenal glands The gland situated in your neck Thyroid gland The site of the glandular tissue that produces testosterone in men testes the Hormone that reduces the concentration of glucose in your blood Insulin The substance that glucose is converted into for storage Glycogen The kind of Diabetes you may be born with type 1 the kind of Diabetes you may develop, obesity is a risk factor type 2 The Hormone that when released by the pancreas will raise the level of glucose in your blood Glucagon The two hormones which maintain the uterus lining oestrogen and progesterone Barrier methods of contraception Condoms and diaphragms The hormone that controls your basal metabolic rate thyroxine the hormone produced in times of fear or stress adrenaline What is part of your endocrine system? The hypothalamus Which person probably has the highest concentration of gonadotropins in his or her bloodstream? A 12-year old girl If a boy has extremely high levels of estrogen in his bloodstream, what might happen? He might develop breasts What is the relationship between growth hormone and the pituitary gland? Growth hormone is secreted by the pituitary gland What term best describes diabetes? Insulin imbalance When might you feel the effects of epinephrine? When you've been in a car accident What physical change is brought on by both estrogen and testosterone? The growth of underarm hair If your body did not produce gonadotropins, what might happen? You wouldn't be able to have children Epinephrine has another name, derived from the gland that produces it. What is this other name? Adrenaline What does insulin do? Regulate blood sugar levels What is the primary function of insulin in the body? To regulate blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells. Which hormone is responsible for the fight-or-flight response? Adrenaline (epinephrine). What gland produces the hormone cortisol? The adrenal glands. What is the role of thyroid hormones in the body? To regulate metabolism, energy production, and growth. Which hormone helps maintain water balance in the body by acting on the kidneys? Antidiuretic hormone (ADH). What is the function of the hormone glucagon? To increase blood glucose levels