Kine 433 Exam 1 – Woodman questions with verified
answers
What are the two circuits of the CV system? Ans✓✓ -1. Pulmonary circuit
2. Systemic circuit
What are the two features of the pulmonary circuit? Ans✓✓ -1. Low pressure
2. Provides BF to lungs
What are the two features of the systemic circuit? Ans✓✓ -1. High pressure
2. Provides BF to all other tissues
What is the macrocirculation? Ans✓✓ -Arteries and veins
What is the microcirculation? Ans✓✓ -Arterioles, capillaries, and veins
What does the macrocirculation do? Ans✓✓ -Provides BF to and from tissues
What does the microcirculation do? Ans✓✓ -Regulates BF, BP, and exchange of
O2, CO2, and nutrients
What are the 3 CV adjustments to exercise? Ans✓✓ -1. Increase CO
2. Redistribute CO
3. Increase venous return
,What is CO at rest? Ans✓✓ -5 L/min
What is CO when active? Ans✓✓ -20 L/min
What are the 4 adaptations of the heart? Ans✓✓ -1. Spontaneous
2. Fatigue resistant
3. Rhythmic
4. Regulatable
What is the SA node? Ans✓✓ -Pacemaker
What is the AV node? Ans✓✓ -Delays AP to allow ventricles to dill
What are the bundle branches? Ans✓✓ -Transmit electrical signals to ventricles
What are the Purkinje fibers? Ans✓✓ -Rapid conduction so ventricles contract as
a unit
What is the primary function of the heart? Ans✓✓ -Act as a pump
_____ arteries provide BF to myocytes. Ans✓✓ -Coronary
What are capillaries? Ans✓✓ -Dense network to aid O2 exchange
,What is mitochondria? Ans✓✓ -Rich supply provides ATP to constantly active
muscles
The heart is innervated by the _____. Ans✓✓ -ANS
What things make the heart spontaneous and rhythmic? Ans✓✓ -SA node, AV
node, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers
What things make the heart fatigue resistant and regulatable? Ans✓✓ -Arteries,
capillaries, mitochondria, and nerves
_____ innervates SA and AV nodes. Ans✓✓ -PNS
What does the PNS do in the heart? Ans✓✓ -Releases ACh to decrease HR and
conduction velocity
_____ innervates SA node, AV node, and LV. Ans✓✓ -SNS
What does the SNS do in the heart? Ans✓✓ -Releases NE to increase HR and
SV.
What is the intrinsic heart rate? Ans✓✓ -100 bpm
What are the 3 layers (tunics) of blood vessels? Ans✓✓ -1. Intima
2. Media
3. Adventitia
, What is the tunica intima? Ans✓✓ -Single layer of endothelial cells; it is in direct
contact with the blood
What is the tunica media? Ans✓✓ -Primarily smooth muscle cells; contracts and
relaxes to regulate BF and BP
What is the tunica adventitia? Ans✓✓ -Primarily collagen; anchors the vessel
What is the primary function of arteries? Ans✓✓ -BF from the heart to tissues
What are the adaptations of arteries? Ans✓✓ -Thick walls to withstand high
pressure, large lumens to provide low resistance to BF, thick walls to prevent gas
exchange, elastic fibers to propel blood forward
What is the primary function of arterioles? Ans✓✓ -Regulate BP and BF
distribution
What are the adaptations of arterioles? Ans✓✓ -SM cells to regulate diameter,
receptors responsive to dilators and constrictors, innervated by SN fibers, and no
parasympathetic nerves
How many layers of SM cells are in arterioles? Ans✓✓ -1-2
What is the feed artery? Ans✓✓ -Last artery before entering muscle
Upon entering a muscle, the feed artery becomes a _____. Ans✓✓ -1A arteriole
answers
What are the two circuits of the CV system? Ans✓✓ -1. Pulmonary circuit
2. Systemic circuit
What are the two features of the pulmonary circuit? Ans✓✓ -1. Low pressure
2. Provides BF to lungs
What are the two features of the systemic circuit? Ans✓✓ -1. High pressure
2. Provides BF to all other tissues
What is the macrocirculation? Ans✓✓ -Arteries and veins
What is the microcirculation? Ans✓✓ -Arterioles, capillaries, and veins
What does the macrocirculation do? Ans✓✓ -Provides BF to and from tissues
What does the microcirculation do? Ans✓✓ -Regulates BF, BP, and exchange of
O2, CO2, and nutrients
What are the 3 CV adjustments to exercise? Ans✓✓ -1. Increase CO
2. Redistribute CO
3. Increase venous return
,What is CO at rest? Ans✓✓ -5 L/min
What is CO when active? Ans✓✓ -20 L/min
What are the 4 adaptations of the heart? Ans✓✓ -1. Spontaneous
2. Fatigue resistant
3. Rhythmic
4. Regulatable
What is the SA node? Ans✓✓ -Pacemaker
What is the AV node? Ans✓✓ -Delays AP to allow ventricles to dill
What are the bundle branches? Ans✓✓ -Transmit electrical signals to ventricles
What are the Purkinje fibers? Ans✓✓ -Rapid conduction so ventricles contract as
a unit
What is the primary function of the heart? Ans✓✓ -Act as a pump
_____ arteries provide BF to myocytes. Ans✓✓ -Coronary
What are capillaries? Ans✓✓ -Dense network to aid O2 exchange
,What is mitochondria? Ans✓✓ -Rich supply provides ATP to constantly active
muscles
The heart is innervated by the _____. Ans✓✓ -ANS
What things make the heart spontaneous and rhythmic? Ans✓✓ -SA node, AV
node, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers
What things make the heart fatigue resistant and regulatable? Ans✓✓ -Arteries,
capillaries, mitochondria, and nerves
_____ innervates SA and AV nodes. Ans✓✓ -PNS
What does the PNS do in the heart? Ans✓✓ -Releases ACh to decrease HR and
conduction velocity
_____ innervates SA node, AV node, and LV. Ans✓✓ -SNS
What does the SNS do in the heart? Ans✓✓ -Releases NE to increase HR and
SV.
What is the intrinsic heart rate? Ans✓✓ -100 bpm
What are the 3 layers (tunics) of blood vessels? Ans✓✓ -1. Intima
2. Media
3. Adventitia
, What is the tunica intima? Ans✓✓ -Single layer of endothelial cells; it is in direct
contact with the blood
What is the tunica media? Ans✓✓ -Primarily smooth muscle cells; contracts and
relaxes to regulate BF and BP
What is the tunica adventitia? Ans✓✓ -Primarily collagen; anchors the vessel
What is the primary function of arteries? Ans✓✓ -BF from the heart to tissues
What are the adaptations of arteries? Ans✓✓ -Thick walls to withstand high
pressure, large lumens to provide low resistance to BF, thick walls to prevent gas
exchange, elastic fibers to propel blood forward
What is the primary function of arterioles? Ans✓✓ -Regulate BP and BF
distribution
What are the adaptations of arterioles? Ans✓✓ -SM cells to regulate diameter,
receptors responsive to dilators and constrictors, innervated by SN fibers, and no
parasympathetic nerves
How many layers of SM cells are in arterioles? Ans✓✓ -1-2
What is the feed artery? Ans✓✓ -Last artery before entering muscle
Upon entering a muscle, the feed artery becomes a _____. Ans✓✓ -1A arteriole
