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BIOS
BIOS252/ BIOS 252 E XAM 1: (LATEST 2025/
2026 UPDATE) ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II
REVIEW| QS & AS| GRADE A| 100% CORRECT
(VERIFIED ANSWERS)
1. Describe skeletal muscle: -Striated
-Voluntary muscle
-Is 40% to 50% of body weight ("red meat" attached to bones)
-long, slender, multinucleated cells that are organized in parallel to one
another
2. Describe smooth muscle: -Nonstriated, involuntary, visceral muscle
-Found in walls of hollow visceral structures such as digestive tract, blood
vessels, and ureters
-Contractions not under voluntary control; movement caused by contraction
is involuntary
3. Describe cardiac muscle: -comprises bulk of heart -cells branch
frequently
-Characterized by unique dark bands---intercalated disks
-intercalated disks allow cardiac muscle cells to contract efficiently as a whole
unit -Uninucleate
-Striated
-Involuntary control
4. Identify the similarities between the three types of muscle.: -Smooth
and cardiac are uninucleate, under involuntary control
-Cardiac and skeletal are striated
5. Describe Contractibility: ability to contract(shorten)
6. Describe Excitability: responds to stimulation
7. Describe Elasticity: ability to go back to resting state
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8. Describe Extensibility: ability to extend or stretch without damage
9. Endomysium: -Thin sleeve of loose connective tissue around each muscle
fiber
-Allows room for capillaries and nerve fibers to reach every muscle fiber
-Provides extracellular chemical environment for the muscle fiber and its
associated nerve ending
10. Perimysium: -Thicker connective tissue that wraps muscle fibers
together in bundles---fascicles
-carries the larger nerves and blood vessels as well as stretch receptors---
muscle spindles.
11. Epimysium: -Fibrous sheath surrounding entire muscle
-on its outer surface, the epimysium grades into the fascia; its inner surface
issues projections between the fascicles to form the perimysium
12. sarcomere: -Contractile unit of muscle
-Separated from each other by dark bands called Z lines
-Distance between Z disc to a Z disc
13. I band: -from the end of one thick filament to the beginning of the next
thick filament
-This is what creates the light band
14. A band: -from the beginning of one thick filament to the end of the same
thick filament
-This is what creates the dark band
15. H band: -from the end of one thin filament to the beginning of the next
thin filament -not as dark
-middle of A band
-thick filaments only
16. Z disk(line): -provides the anchorage for the thin and elastic filaments.
17. M line: -the line found at the center of the thick filament
-Provides an anchor for the thick filament
BIOS252
BIOS
BIOS252/ BIOS 252 E XAM 1: (LATEST 2025/
2026 UPDATE) ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II
REVIEW| QS & AS| GRADE A| 100% CORRECT
(VERIFIED ANSWERS)
1. Describe skeletal muscle: -Striated
-Voluntary muscle
-Is 40% to 50% of body weight ("red meat" attached to bones)
-long, slender, multinucleated cells that are organized in parallel to one
another
2. Describe smooth muscle: -Nonstriated, involuntary, visceral muscle
-Found in walls of hollow visceral structures such as digestive tract, blood
vessels, and ureters
-Contractions not under voluntary control; movement caused by contraction
is involuntary
3. Describe cardiac muscle: -comprises bulk of heart -cells branch
frequently
-Characterized by unique dark bands---intercalated disks
-intercalated disks allow cardiac muscle cells to contract efficiently as a whole
unit -Uninucleate
-Striated
-Involuntary control
4. Identify the similarities between the three types of muscle.: -Smooth
and cardiac are uninucleate, under involuntary control
-Cardiac and skeletal are striated
5. Describe Contractibility: ability to contract(shorten)
6. Describe Excitability: responds to stimulation
7. Describe Elasticity: ability to go back to resting state
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8. Describe Extensibility: ability to extend or stretch without damage
9. Endomysium: -Thin sleeve of loose connective tissue around each muscle
fiber
-Allows room for capillaries and nerve fibers to reach every muscle fiber
-Provides extracellular chemical environment for the muscle fiber and its
associated nerve ending
10. Perimysium: -Thicker connective tissue that wraps muscle fibers
together in bundles---fascicles
-carries the larger nerves and blood vessels as well as stretch receptors---
muscle spindles.
11. Epimysium: -Fibrous sheath surrounding entire muscle
-on its outer surface, the epimysium grades into the fascia; its inner surface
issues projections between the fascicles to form the perimysium
12. sarcomere: -Contractile unit of muscle
-Separated from each other by dark bands called Z lines
-Distance between Z disc to a Z disc
13. I band: -from the end of one thick filament to the beginning of the next
thick filament
-This is what creates the light band
14. A band: -from the beginning of one thick filament to the end of the same
thick filament
-This is what creates the dark band
15. H band: -from the end of one thin filament to the beginning of the next
thin filament -not as dark
-middle of A band
-thick filaments only
16. Z disk(line): -provides the anchorage for the thin and elastic filaments.
17. M line: -the line found at the center of the thick filament
-Provides an anchor for the thick filament
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