WGU D236 Patho Exam Study Guide
With 100% Complete Solution
Pressureithatiisidueitoialbuminiinitheibloodstream
?i-iCorrectiAnswer-Oncotic
Oncotici-iCorrectiAnswer-
aiformiofiosmoticipressureiexertedibyiproteins
Initheiblood,i_____iisitheimosticommoniplasmaiprot
einiandiis,itherefore,iaiprimaryideterminantiofionc
oticipressurei-iCorrectiAnswer-albumin
_____icontrolsiosmoticipressureiinivascularisystem,i
buildsivolumei-iCorrectiAnswer-Albumin
Oneiquestioniwasiaboutitheidifferenceiinichildreni
andiadultiimmunityi-iCorrectiAnswer-
Possibleianswer:inaiveiTicells
Learningicheckiquestion:iWhichidifferencesiiniimm
unityimakeichildreniandiolderiadultipatientsimorei
susceptibleitoiinfections?iChoosei2ianswers
Youngeripatientsihaveifewerimemoryicellsitoicomb
atiinfection
Olderiadultipatientsihaveiaidwindlingipopulationio
finaiveiTicells
Olderiadultipatientsihaveimoreimemoryicellsitoico
mbatiinfection
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,YoungeripatientsihaveiailargeipopulationiofinaiveiT
icells
Olderiadultipatientsihaveiailargeipopulationiofinaiv
eiTicellsi-iCorrectiAnswer-
Youngeripatientsihaveifewerimemoryicellsitoicomb
atiinfection
Olderiadultipatientsihaveiaidwindlingipopulationio
finaiveiTicells
Rationale:iyoungeripatientsihaveinotibeeniexposedi
toimanyipathogens,iwhichimeansithatitheyihaveife
werimemoryicellsithaniadults.iTheiprimaryiimmun
eiresponseiisirelativelyiweakicompareditoiaisecond
aryiresponseimediatedibyimemoryicells.
OlderiadultipatientsidoinotihaveiasimanyiTicellsico
mpareditoiyoungeripatients.iWhenitheseipatientsie
ncounterinovelipathogens,itheireducedinumberiofi
naiveiTicellsigivesiclonaliselectionifeweriopportuni
tiesitoi"find"iTicellsithatiwillibeieffective.
Fluidiandielectrolyteilevelsiareiregulatedibyi_______,
iwhichiregulatesiactionsisuchiasithirst,iADH,itheiki
dneys,iandiRAAS.i-iCorrectiAnswer-osmoreceptors
Fluidideficiticausesi-iCorrectiAnswer--
Excessiveiloss
-Inadequateiintake
-Oricombinationiofiboth
Fluidideficitiriskifactorsi-iCorrectiAnswer--
Vomiting/diarrhea
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,-Excessiveisweating
-Insufficientiwateriintake
Fluidideficitimanifestationsi-iCorrectiAnswer--
dryimucousimembranes
-decreasediskiniturgor
-decreasediurineioutput
-lowibloodipressure
-tachycardia
-confusion
ROMEiforiABGsi-iCorrectiAnswer-
RespiratoryiOppositeiMetaboliciEqual
IfipHiandipCO2iareimovingiinioppositeidirections,i
theniitiisipCO2ilevelsithatiareicausingitheiimbalan
ceiandiitiisirespiratoryiininature
Ifitheyiareimovingitheisameidirectionitheniitiisime
taboliciininature
Buffers,irenalicompensation,iandirespiratoryicomp
ensationihelpitoimaintainiaibloodipHiofi_______i-
iCorrectiAnswer-7.35-7.45
Aipatientiwithiaiviraliillnessiandisevereivomitingih
asianielevatediCO2ileveliandiaibloodipHiofi7.53.iSh
eiisibreathingislowly.iWhaticonditionidoesitheipati
entihave?i
Metabolicialkalosisi
Metaboliciacidosisi
Respiratoryialkalosis
Respiratoryiacidosisi-iCorrectiAnswer-
Metabolicialkalosis
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, Theipatient'sipHiandiCO2ileveliareibothielevatingi(
movingiinitheisameidirection).iThisiindicatesimeta
bolicialkalosis.iTheiCO2ileveliisihighibecauseiherir
espiratoryisystemiisiattemptingitoicompensateifori
theihighipHibyiexhalingilessiandiretainingimoreiC
O2
ToipreventichangesiinipH,itheibodyiemploysibuffer
isystems.iTheibodyiutilizesi3ibufferisystems:i-
iCorrectiAnswer-
proteins,iphosphates,ianditheicarboniciacid-
bicarbonateisystem
Carboniciacid-
bicarbonateisystemifirstilineiofidefenseiisi_____,isec
ondilineiofidefenseiisi_____i-iCorrectiAnswer-
respirations;ikidneys
Carboniciacid-bicarbonateisystemiequationi-
iCorrectiAnswer-
Theiequationimovesiinibothidirections
CABSiEquation:
WheniCO2ilevelsiareielevated,itheiequationimovesi
________,iformingimoreiH+iandiHCO3-iionsi-
iCorrectiAnswer-towarditheiright
CABSiEquation:
WheniH+iionsiareielevated,itheiequationimovesi___
__,iasiH+iionsiareiconverteditoiCO2ianditheiCO2iis
iexhaled.i-iCorrectiAnswer-towarditheileft
CO2ilevelsi-iCorrectiAnswer-35-45
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii Vendarsol
With 100% Complete Solution
Pressureithatiisidueitoialbuminiinitheibloodstream
?i-iCorrectiAnswer-Oncotic
Oncotici-iCorrectiAnswer-
aiformiofiosmoticipressureiexertedibyiproteins
Initheiblood,i_____iisitheimosticommoniplasmaiprot
einiandiis,itherefore,iaiprimaryideterminantiofionc
oticipressurei-iCorrectiAnswer-albumin
_____icontrolsiosmoticipressureiinivascularisystem,i
buildsivolumei-iCorrectiAnswer-Albumin
Oneiquestioniwasiaboutitheidifferenceiinichildreni
andiadultiimmunityi-iCorrectiAnswer-
Possibleianswer:inaiveiTicells
Learningicheckiquestion:iWhichidifferencesiiniimm
unityimakeichildreniandiolderiadultipatientsimorei
susceptibleitoiinfections?iChoosei2ianswers
Youngeripatientsihaveifewerimemoryicellsitoicomb
atiinfection
Olderiadultipatientsihaveiaidwindlingipopulationio
finaiveiTicells
Olderiadultipatientsihaveimoreimemoryicellsitoico
mbatiinfection
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii Vendarsol
,YoungeripatientsihaveiailargeipopulationiofinaiveiT
icells
Olderiadultipatientsihaveiailargeipopulationiofinaiv
eiTicellsi-iCorrectiAnswer-
Youngeripatientsihaveifewerimemoryicellsitoicomb
atiinfection
Olderiadultipatientsihaveiaidwindlingipopulationio
finaiveiTicells
Rationale:iyoungeripatientsihaveinotibeeniexposedi
toimanyipathogens,iwhichimeansithatitheyihaveife
werimemoryicellsithaniadults.iTheiprimaryiimmun
eiresponseiisirelativelyiweakicompareditoiaisecond
aryiresponseimediatedibyimemoryicells.
OlderiadultipatientsidoinotihaveiasimanyiTicellsico
mpareditoiyoungeripatients.iWhenitheseipatientsie
ncounterinovelipathogens,itheireducedinumberiofi
naiveiTicellsigivesiclonaliselectionifeweriopportuni
tiesitoi"find"iTicellsithatiwillibeieffective.
Fluidiandielectrolyteilevelsiareiregulatedibyi_______,
iwhichiregulatesiactionsisuchiasithirst,iADH,itheiki
dneys,iandiRAAS.i-iCorrectiAnswer-osmoreceptors
Fluidideficiticausesi-iCorrectiAnswer--
Excessiveiloss
-Inadequateiintake
-Oricombinationiofiboth
Fluidideficitiriskifactorsi-iCorrectiAnswer--
Vomiting/diarrhea
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii Vendarsol
,-Excessiveisweating
-Insufficientiwateriintake
Fluidideficitimanifestationsi-iCorrectiAnswer--
dryimucousimembranes
-decreasediskiniturgor
-decreasediurineioutput
-lowibloodipressure
-tachycardia
-confusion
ROMEiforiABGsi-iCorrectiAnswer-
RespiratoryiOppositeiMetaboliciEqual
IfipHiandipCO2iareimovingiinioppositeidirections,i
theniitiisipCO2ilevelsithatiareicausingitheiimbalan
ceiandiitiisirespiratoryiininature
Ifitheyiareimovingitheisameidirectionitheniitiisime
taboliciininature
Buffers,irenalicompensation,iandirespiratoryicomp
ensationihelpitoimaintainiaibloodipHiofi_______i-
iCorrectiAnswer-7.35-7.45
Aipatientiwithiaiviraliillnessiandisevereivomitingih
asianielevatediCO2ileveliandiaibloodipHiofi7.53.iSh
eiisibreathingislowly.iWhaticonditionidoesitheipati
entihave?i
Metabolicialkalosisi
Metaboliciacidosisi
Respiratoryialkalosis
Respiratoryiacidosisi-iCorrectiAnswer-
Metabolicialkalosis
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii Vendarsol
, Theipatient'sipHiandiCO2ileveliareibothielevatingi(
movingiinitheisameidirection).iThisiindicatesimeta
bolicialkalosis.iTheiCO2ileveliisihighibecauseiherir
espiratoryisystemiisiattemptingitoicompensateifori
theihighipHibyiexhalingilessiandiretainingimoreiC
O2
ToipreventichangesiinipH,itheibodyiemploysibuffer
isystems.iTheibodyiutilizesi3ibufferisystems:i-
iCorrectiAnswer-
proteins,iphosphates,ianditheicarboniciacid-
bicarbonateisystem
Carboniciacid-
bicarbonateisystemifirstilineiofidefenseiisi_____,isec
ondilineiofidefenseiisi_____i-iCorrectiAnswer-
respirations;ikidneys
Carboniciacid-bicarbonateisystemiequationi-
iCorrectiAnswer-
Theiequationimovesiinibothidirections
CABSiEquation:
WheniCO2ilevelsiareielevated,itheiequationimovesi
________,iformingimoreiH+iandiHCO3-iionsi-
iCorrectiAnswer-towarditheiright
CABSiEquation:
WheniH+iionsiareielevated,itheiequationimovesi___
__,iasiH+iionsiareiconverteditoiCO2ianditheiCO2iis
iexhaled.i-iCorrectiAnswer-towarditheileft
CO2ilevelsi-iCorrectiAnswer-35-45
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii Vendarsol