NURS 424 exam 4 with verified answers

lab |values |to |look |at |with |GI |issues |& |what |they |may |show |- |correct |answer |--electrolytes
|(usually |absorbed |in |small |intestine)



-BUN |(dehydration |shows |elevated |BUN |& |normal |creatinine)
-enzymes |(elevated |ALT |& |AST |indicate |liver |damage)
-hematology |(Hgb, |hct, |PT, |INR< |PTT, |important |to |monitor |w/ |GI |bleed)
-ABGs |(metabolic |problems |w/ |diarrhea, |diabetic |ketoacidosis)
-antibodies |(H |pylori |w/ |peptic |ulcer |disease)


functions |of |liver |- |correct |answer |--metabolizes |(fats, |proteins, |vitamins, |iron |storage,
|excretes |bile, |maintains |normal |blood |glucose)



-blood |filtration |(destroys |bacteria)
-blood |clotting |(forms |clotting |factors)
-drug |metabolism |(metabolizes |fat |soluble |drugs)


functions |of |pancreas |- |correct |answer |--secretes |insulin |& |glucagon
-releases |enzymes |to |aid |in |digestion |of |fats, |starches |& |proteins |(amylase, |lipase)
-part |of |hepatic |portal |system |(relative |to |blood |supply)


laboratory |assessment |& |2 |tests |with |pancreas |issues |- |correct |answer |--amylase
|(pancreatitis)



-lipase |(best |to |detect |pancreatitis) |
-secretin |stimulation |test |(ability |to |respond |to |secretin)
-elastase |test |(stool |test |for |elastase)

,diagnostic |tests |with |GI |issues |- |correct |answer |--radiographic |(KUD= |x |ray |of |abd)
-CT
-ultrasound
-MRI
-nuclear |scan
-angiography
-endoscopy
-gastric |tonometry
-sublingual |capnometry
-endoscopic |retrograde |cholangiopancreatography |(ERCP) |(looks |inside |bile |ducts, |can |pull
|out |stones)




nursing |assessment |of |abdomen |- |correct |answer |-1. |inspection
2. |auscultation
3. |percussion
4. |palpation


A |patient |has |had |an |upper |endoscopy |and |upon |return |to |the |medical/surgical |floor |the
|nurse |notes |the |patient |is |difficult |to |arouse. |The |priority |action |for |the |nurse |is |which |of


|the |following?




A. |Assess |the |patient's |airway
B. |Allow |the |patient |to |sleep
C. |Increase |rate |of |IV |fluids
D. |Evaluate |preprocedure |laboratory |tests |for |abnormalities |- |correct |answer |-A


Which |laboratory |results |would |the |nurse |evaluate |as |indicating |damage |to |the |liver?
|(Select |all |that |apply)

,A. |ALT |of |135 |units/L
B. |AST |of |25 |units/L
C. |Triglycerides |225 |mg/dL
D. |Amylase |300 |units/L
E. |Lipase |200 |units/L |- |correct |answer |-A, |D
-ALT |& |amylase |are |elevated


aneurysm |- |correct |answer |--abnormal |dilation |of |an |artery |resulting |in |a |weakened |wall
-more |pressure |in |the |area, |more |likely |it |is |to |rupture
-named |by |location


causes |of |abdominal |aortic |aneurysm |- |correct |answer |--atherosclerosis
-genetic
-connective |tissue |disorder |(Marfan |syndrome)
-traumatic |injury
-Infection


manifestations |of |abdominal |aortic |aneurysm |- |correct |answer |--without |complications |can
|be |asymptomatic




diagnosis |of |abdominal |aortic |aneurysm |- |correct |answer |--radiograph
-CT
-TEE
-MRI
-visualization |& |palpation |aren't |reliable |(just |because |you |see |pulsation |doesn't |mean |it's
|an |aneurysm)

, management |of |abdominal |aortic |aneurysm |- |correct |answer |--close |monitoring |through
|imaging |to |track |size



-aggressive |BP |control |is |MOST |IMPORTANT
-only |intervene |when |greater |than |5-5.5 |cm


treatments |for |abdominal |aortic |aneurysm |- |correct |answer |--open |surgical |repair
-endovascular |aneurysm |repair


open |surgical |repair |- |correct |answer |--high |risk
-graft |placed |after |being |surgically |opened
-long |recovery
-done |w/ |ruptured |abdominal |aortic |aneurysm


endovascular |aneurysm |repair |- |correct |answer |--less |invasive
-done |in |Cath |lab |using |guide |wire |to |place |endograft
-less |recovery |time, |newer |procedure
-can |be |done |w/ |dissected |abdominal |aortic |aneurysm


manifestations |of |ruptured |abdominal |aortic |aneurysm |- |correct |answer |--rapid |severe |pain
|in |chest, |back, |abd, |or |flank



-syncope
-hypotension
-rapid |shock |& |hemorrhage |(hypovolemic |shock)


dissected |abdominal |aortic |aneurysm |- |correct |answer |--separation |of |lining |of |vessel
|allowing |blood |to |enter



-typically |extends |forward |from |point |of |origin