NURS 330 - Ch.29-30 CardiacHF with 100- correct answers

NURS 330 - Ch.29-30: Cardiac/HF
with 100% correct answers
Which explanation of systolic heart failure demonstrates an
understanding of the condition? (select all that apply)
1. "The ventricle loses compliance over time, so it requires more
pressure to perform work."
2. "Systolic HF happens when the heart cannot squeeze hard
enough to pump blood efficiently."
3. "Preload increases with increased muscle contractility."
4. "Cardiac output is increased, overwhelming the peripheral
vascular system."
5. "The heart has trouble relaxing, so the ventricle cannot fill
properly."
6. "Systolic heart failure may manifest in pulmonary and systemic
congestion."
2. "Systolic HF happens when the heart cannot squeeze hard
enough to pump blood efficiently."
6. "Systolic heart failure may manifest in pulmonary and systemic
congestion."
Which mechanism does the body use to compensate for heart
failure? (select all that apply)
Hypertrophy of the myocardium
Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activation
Inflammation of the myocardium
Decreased blood pressure
Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system
Hypertrophy of the myocardium
Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activation
Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system
-When cardiac output fails to meet the demands of the body,
compensatory mechanisms work to improve output. Myocardial

,hypertrophy is one of the major compensatory mechanisms as the
heart works harder to pump blood.
-Activation of the (RAS) leads to vasoconstriction in an effort to
maintain blood pressure.
- In heart failure (HF), stimulation of the sympathetic nervous
system (i.e., increasing catecholamines) as a result of tissue
hypoxia, represents the most immediate compensatory mechanism.
Which pathology is a common cause of heart failure?
Cancer
HTN
Liver congestion
Low ejection fraction (EF)
HTN
Heart failure is caused by systemic hypertension in most cases.
Other common causes include myocardial infarction (MI) and
structural heart changes.
Which sign or symptom is related to right-sided heart failure?
Coughing
Cyanosis
Dyspnea
Edema
Edema
Signs of systemic congestion occur as the right ventricle fails. Fluid
is retained. Pressure builds in the venous system. Edema develops
in the lower legs. Edema may progress to the thighs and abdominal
wall.
Which finding is associated with right-sided heart failure?
Pulsus alternans
Dependent edema
Atrial fibrillation
Renal failure

, Dependent edema
Right ventricular failure is associated with increased systemic
venous pressures and congestion, leading to dependent edema. In
ambulatory patients, edema commonly presents in the ankles and
legs. When patients are restricted to bed rest, the sacrum is
dependent, and fluid accumulates there.
Which diagnostic tool would ideally be used to diagnose heart
failure?
Echocardiogram
Chest x-ray
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Multigated acquisition (MUGA) scan
Echocardiogram
Echocardiography is considered the best tool in diagnosing heart
failure. This noninvasive technique can be used to diagnose cardiac
valvular changes, pericardial effusion, chamber enlargement, and
ventricular hypertrophy. The test can also be used to determine
ejection fraction.
Which medication would the nurse recognize as being in the drug
class of choice for the treatment of heart failure?
Losartan
Digoxin
Enalapril
Sacubitril/valsartan combination
Enalapril
Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs) are another drug
class used in the treatment of HF. The combination drug
sacubitril/valsartan has demonstrated a reduction in death and
hospitalization in patients with chronic Class II to IV heart failure
with a decreased EF. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
(ACEIs) are the drug class of choice in the treatment of HF.
Which practice would be used to control fluid in a patient with heart
failure?