ATI Chapter 82 Diabetes Mellitus
Management Questions and Complete
Solutions Graded A+
Diabetes mellitus - Answer: metabolic disorder resulting from either an inadequate production of
insulin (type 1) or an in ability of the body's cells to respond to insulin that is present
Type 1 diabetes mellitus - Answer: -an autoimmune insulin deficiency disorder caused by the
destruction of pancreatic islet beta cells, which produce insulin in the islets of of Langerhans of the
pancreas
-immune system cells and antibodies are present in circulation and can also be triggered by certain
genetic tissue types or viral infections
Type 2 diabetes mellitus - Answer: -progressive condition due to increasing inability of cells to respond
to insulin (insulin resistance) and decreased production of insulin by the beta cells
-linked to obesity, sedentary lifestyle and heredity
-metabolic syndrome often precedes type 2 diabetes
Who is diabetes more prevalent in? - Answer: African American, Native American and Hispanic
populations, more common in males than females
Diabetes prevention - Answer: -type 1 cannot be prevented but lifestyle modifications can reduce the
risk of type 2
When do you do diabetic screening? - Answer: when a patient has a BMI above 25 or one or more of
the factors:
-a first-degree relative who has diabetes
-age 45 or older
-report of sedentary lifestyle
-history of vascular disease, polycystic ovary syndrome, gestational diabetes, or giving birth to an infant
weighing more than 9lbs
, -reports African, Hispanic, Asian, American Indian, or Pacific Islander heritage
-blood pressure consistently greater than 140/90 mmHg
-HgA1C greater than 5.7%, impaired fasting glucose, or impaired glucose tolerance
-HDL level less than 35mg/dL or triglyceride level greater than 250mg/dL
What is screening done with? - Answer: with fasting glucose levels or A1C
What percent of total daily intake should be carbohydrates? - Answer: 45%
What percent of total daily intake should be protein? - Answer: 15% to 20%
What percent of total daily intake should be unsaturated and polyunsaturated fats? - Answer: 20-35%
Metabolic syndrome - Answer: the presence of at least 3 factors that increase the client's risk for
cardiovascular events and developing type 2 (central obesity, hyperlipidemia, higher blood pressure,
hyperglycemia)
Central obesity - Answer: waste circumference greater than 100 cm (40 in) for males; greater than 88
cm (35 in) for females
Hyperlipidemia - Answer: triglyceride level greater 150 mg/dL or taking medication for triglycerides;
decreased HDL level (less than 50 mg/dL for females; less than 40 mg/dL for males)
High blood pressure - Answer: consistently greater than 130 mmHg systolic, or 85 mmHg diastolic;
taking medication for hypertension
Hyperglycemia - Answer: fasting blood glucose at or greater than 100 mg/dL, or taking medication for
hyperglycemia
Insulin resistance - Answer: impaired fasting glucose levels 100 to 125 mg/dL, impaired glucose
tolerance 140 mg/dL, or A1C level 5.7% to 6.4%
Management Questions and Complete
Solutions Graded A+
Diabetes mellitus - Answer: metabolic disorder resulting from either an inadequate production of
insulin (type 1) or an in ability of the body's cells to respond to insulin that is present
Type 1 diabetes mellitus - Answer: -an autoimmune insulin deficiency disorder caused by the
destruction of pancreatic islet beta cells, which produce insulin in the islets of of Langerhans of the
pancreas
-immune system cells and antibodies are present in circulation and can also be triggered by certain
genetic tissue types or viral infections
Type 2 diabetes mellitus - Answer: -progressive condition due to increasing inability of cells to respond
to insulin (insulin resistance) and decreased production of insulin by the beta cells
-linked to obesity, sedentary lifestyle and heredity
-metabolic syndrome often precedes type 2 diabetes
Who is diabetes more prevalent in? - Answer: African American, Native American and Hispanic
populations, more common in males than females
Diabetes prevention - Answer: -type 1 cannot be prevented but lifestyle modifications can reduce the
risk of type 2
When do you do diabetic screening? - Answer: when a patient has a BMI above 25 or one or more of
the factors:
-a first-degree relative who has diabetes
-age 45 or older
-report of sedentary lifestyle
-history of vascular disease, polycystic ovary syndrome, gestational diabetes, or giving birth to an infant
weighing more than 9lbs
, -reports African, Hispanic, Asian, American Indian, or Pacific Islander heritage
-blood pressure consistently greater than 140/90 mmHg
-HgA1C greater than 5.7%, impaired fasting glucose, or impaired glucose tolerance
-HDL level less than 35mg/dL or triglyceride level greater than 250mg/dL
What is screening done with? - Answer: with fasting glucose levels or A1C
What percent of total daily intake should be carbohydrates? - Answer: 45%
What percent of total daily intake should be protein? - Answer: 15% to 20%
What percent of total daily intake should be unsaturated and polyunsaturated fats? - Answer: 20-35%
Metabolic syndrome - Answer: the presence of at least 3 factors that increase the client's risk for
cardiovascular events and developing type 2 (central obesity, hyperlipidemia, higher blood pressure,
hyperglycemia)
Central obesity - Answer: waste circumference greater than 100 cm (40 in) for males; greater than 88
cm (35 in) for females
Hyperlipidemia - Answer: triglyceride level greater 150 mg/dL or taking medication for triglycerides;
decreased HDL level (less than 50 mg/dL for females; less than 40 mg/dL for males)
High blood pressure - Answer: consistently greater than 130 mmHg systolic, or 85 mmHg diastolic;
taking medication for hypertension
Hyperglycemia - Answer: fasting blood glucose at or greater than 100 mg/dL, or taking medication for
hyperglycemia
Insulin resistance - Answer: impaired fasting glucose levels 100 to 125 mg/dL, impaired glucose
tolerance 140 mg/dL, or A1C level 5.7% to 6.4%
