OCCTH 585 – NEURO (FALL)|| 236
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100%
CORRECT
True or False: Rehabilitation specialists are able to foster functional recovery in the
nervous system without knowledge of the biological basis of injury and repair. -
ANSWER-False
It is argued that a biological basis of injury and repair is essential for rehabilitation
specialists to know and understand in order to be effective healthcare providers.
In simple terms, what is neuroplasticity? - ANSWER-The brain's ability to change and
adapt.
These brain-based abilities are considered to be a fundamental representation of the
plasticity of the brain. - ANSWER-What are learning and memory?
Name the two types of brain plasticity. - ANSWER-1 - Structural Plasticity
2 - Functional Plasticity
This term describes the capacity to do something and is an expression of behaviour
after learning. - ANSWER-What is skill acquisition?
True or False: Development is a specialized example of neuroplasticity. - ANSWER-
True
Embryological maturation occurs at what age in men? At what age in women? -
ANSWER-Men - age 23-25
Women - age 20-21
When does aging begin? What begins to occur immediately when aging begins? -
ANSWER-- Aging begins when development ends
- Neuronal death
True or False: neurons want to regrow and connect. - ANSWER-True
True or False: In order to function optimally, the brain and nervous system are required
to adapt to the impacts of injury and disease. - ANSWER-True
True or False: The CNS is capable of growing new neurons and stemming gaps in the
nervous system - ANSWER-False: The CNS is not capable of growing new neurons
and stemming gaps in the nervous system. Thus, there is a limit to recovery.
,Which of the following is not strong evidence for neural plasticity?
A) Learning and memory
B) Skill acquisition
C) Development and aging
D) Injury, disease, and recovery
E) None of the above - ANSWER-E) None of the above
Learning and memory, skill acquisition, development and aging, and injury, disease,
and recovery all demonstrate the capacity of the brain to engage in neuroplasticity.
This is the location in the neuron in which information is received from incoming inputs. -
ANSWER-What are the dendrites?
This is the location in the neuron in which information is integrated and the behaviour of
the cell is decided. - ANSWER-What is the cell body?
This is the location in the neuron in which the action potential will be transmitted to the
next target. - ANSWER-What is the axon?
Starting with the dendrite, place the following areas of the neuron in order based on how
information flows through the neuron:
A) Dendrites
B) Axon
C) Cell body - ANSWER-A - C - B
What is the impact of an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) on the post-synaptic
cell? - ANSWER-An EPSP brings the postsynaptic cell closer threshold and closer to
producing the next action potential.
What is the impact of an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) on the post-synaptic
cell? - ANSWER-An IPSP moves the postsynaptic cell further from threshold and, thus,
further from producing an action potential.
Place the following steps of the action potential (AP) process in order:
A) AP reaches the end of the axon, activating the synaptic bouton, which contains
synaptic vesicles which house neurotransmitters.
B) Receptor molecules open up ion channels, allowing for ions to flow through.
C) Neurotransmitters diffuse across the cleft towards the postsynaptic cell.
D) AP activates the synaptic bouton, with activates the synaptic vesicles. The synaptic
vesicles release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft.
E) Neurotransmitters bind to receptor molecules on the postsynaptic cells.
F) Either an EPSP or IPSP occurs in the postsynaptic cell, as determined by what type
of ion channel opens up. - ANSWER-A - D - C - E - B - F
, What is the name of the phenomenon that represents the brain's misrepresentation of
sensory information because adaptation/learning of the changes in function or
behaviour has not been adapted to? - ANSWER-Phantom Limb Syndrome
True or False: Dendritic Pruning occurs before unmasking events - ANSWER-False:
Dendritic pruning occurs after an unmasking event or together with an unmasking event.
Which of the following is untrue regarding dendritic pruning?
A) It is the retraction of unused dendrites
B) The cell becomes smaller as a "loss of real estate" occurs
C) It results in a decrease in energy expenditure
D) Dendrites receiving synaptic inputs may also begin to retract due to the decreased
real estate - ANSWER-D) Dendrites receiving synaptic inputs may also begin to retract
due to the decreased real estate
Only the dendrites no longer receiving information from synaptic inputs will begin to
retract due to waste in energy
What is collateral sprouting? - ANSWER-The growth of new processes on neurons,
particularly after nerve damage
True or False: Cells receive multiple inputs from multiple sources coming onto the cell
body and dendrites. - ANSWER-True
What is the name of the location of cell input integration in the neuron? - ANSWER-
Axon hillock
Simply put, what is spatial summation? - ANSWER-Multiple impulses from several
neurons at the same time, which will impact whether the threshold for AP is reached in
a cell.
Simple put, what is temporal summation? - ANSWER-Several impulses from one
neuron over a period of time, which will impact whether the threshold for AP is reached
in a cell.
True or False: When a cell meets the threshold for an action potential, the response is
an all-or-none reaction. - ANSWER-True
Name the three categories of change regarding neuroplasticity. - ANSWER-1) Change
in the properties of neurotransmission
2) Change in the properties of the cell
3) Change in the structure/anatomy of the cell
Which category of neuroplastic change would a change in the number of synaptic
vesicles activated during an AP be considered? - ANSWER-Change in the properties of
neurotransmission.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100%
CORRECT
True or False: Rehabilitation specialists are able to foster functional recovery in the
nervous system without knowledge of the biological basis of injury and repair. -
ANSWER-False
It is argued that a biological basis of injury and repair is essential for rehabilitation
specialists to know and understand in order to be effective healthcare providers.
In simple terms, what is neuroplasticity? - ANSWER-The brain's ability to change and
adapt.
These brain-based abilities are considered to be a fundamental representation of the
plasticity of the brain. - ANSWER-What are learning and memory?
Name the two types of brain plasticity. - ANSWER-1 - Structural Plasticity
2 - Functional Plasticity
This term describes the capacity to do something and is an expression of behaviour
after learning. - ANSWER-What is skill acquisition?
True or False: Development is a specialized example of neuroplasticity. - ANSWER-
True
Embryological maturation occurs at what age in men? At what age in women? -
ANSWER-Men - age 23-25
Women - age 20-21
When does aging begin? What begins to occur immediately when aging begins? -
ANSWER-- Aging begins when development ends
- Neuronal death
True or False: neurons want to regrow and connect. - ANSWER-True
True or False: In order to function optimally, the brain and nervous system are required
to adapt to the impacts of injury and disease. - ANSWER-True
True or False: The CNS is capable of growing new neurons and stemming gaps in the
nervous system - ANSWER-False: The CNS is not capable of growing new neurons
and stemming gaps in the nervous system. Thus, there is a limit to recovery.
,Which of the following is not strong evidence for neural plasticity?
A) Learning and memory
B) Skill acquisition
C) Development and aging
D) Injury, disease, and recovery
E) None of the above - ANSWER-E) None of the above
Learning and memory, skill acquisition, development and aging, and injury, disease,
and recovery all demonstrate the capacity of the brain to engage in neuroplasticity.
This is the location in the neuron in which information is received from incoming inputs. -
ANSWER-What are the dendrites?
This is the location in the neuron in which information is integrated and the behaviour of
the cell is decided. - ANSWER-What is the cell body?
This is the location in the neuron in which the action potential will be transmitted to the
next target. - ANSWER-What is the axon?
Starting with the dendrite, place the following areas of the neuron in order based on how
information flows through the neuron:
A) Dendrites
B) Axon
C) Cell body - ANSWER-A - C - B
What is the impact of an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) on the post-synaptic
cell? - ANSWER-An EPSP brings the postsynaptic cell closer threshold and closer to
producing the next action potential.
What is the impact of an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) on the post-synaptic
cell? - ANSWER-An IPSP moves the postsynaptic cell further from threshold and, thus,
further from producing an action potential.
Place the following steps of the action potential (AP) process in order:
A) AP reaches the end of the axon, activating the synaptic bouton, which contains
synaptic vesicles which house neurotransmitters.
B) Receptor molecules open up ion channels, allowing for ions to flow through.
C) Neurotransmitters diffuse across the cleft towards the postsynaptic cell.
D) AP activates the synaptic bouton, with activates the synaptic vesicles. The synaptic
vesicles release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft.
E) Neurotransmitters bind to receptor molecules on the postsynaptic cells.
F) Either an EPSP or IPSP occurs in the postsynaptic cell, as determined by what type
of ion channel opens up. - ANSWER-A - D - C - E - B - F
, What is the name of the phenomenon that represents the brain's misrepresentation of
sensory information because adaptation/learning of the changes in function or
behaviour has not been adapted to? - ANSWER-Phantom Limb Syndrome
True or False: Dendritic Pruning occurs before unmasking events - ANSWER-False:
Dendritic pruning occurs after an unmasking event or together with an unmasking event.
Which of the following is untrue regarding dendritic pruning?
A) It is the retraction of unused dendrites
B) The cell becomes smaller as a "loss of real estate" occurs
C) It results in a decrease in energy expenditure
D) Dendrites receiving synaptic inputs may also begin to retract due to the decreased
real estate - ANSWER-D) Dendrites receiving synaptic inputs may also begin to retract
due to the decreased real estate
Only the dendrites no longer receiving information from synaptic inputs will begin to
retract due to waste in energy
What is collateral sprouting? - ANSWER-The growth of new processes on neurons,
particularly after nerve damage
True or False: Cells receive multiple inputs from multiple sources coming onto the cell
body and dendrites. - ANSWER-True
What is the name of the location of cell input integration in the neuron? - ANSWER-
Axon hillock
Simply put, what is spatial summation? - ANSWER-Multiple impulses from several
neurons at the same time, which will impact whether the threshold for AP is reached in
a cell.
Simple put, what is temporal summation? - ANSWER-Several impulses from one
neuron over a period of time, which will impact whether the threshold for AP is reached
in a cell.
True or False: When a cell meets the threshold for an action potential, the response is
an all-or-none reaction. - ANSWER-True
Name the three categories of change regarding neuroplasticity. - ANSWER-1) Change
in the properties of neurotransmission
2) Change in the properties of the cell
3) Change in the structure/anatomy of the cell
Which category of neuroplastic change would a change in the number of synaptic
vesicles activated during an AP be considered? - ANSWER-Change in the properties of
neurotransmission.
