NR667 Chamberlain CEA week 8 exit exam
Blood Flow - correct answer Lungs ® Pulmonary Veins ® Left Atrium ® Aorta ® Body Tissues ®
Vena Cava ® Right Atrium ® Right Ventricle ® Pulmonary Arteries ® Lungs
Symptoms with right vs left side heart blockage - correct answer · Blockage on the left side of
the heart backs up and causes lung symptoms
· Blockage on the right side of the heart backs up and causes body symptoms (peripheral
edema)
HNC8 HTN Guidelines - correct answer Defined as 140/90
Treatment algorithm:
Less than 60 years old - 140/90
> 60 years old - Defined as 150/90 (more leniency b/c we do not want to drop their BP too low)
What hypertension medication should someone with DM and/or CKD be on? - correct answer
ACE or ARB (protects kidneys)
What HTN medication should an African American pt be on? - correct answer CCB
What HTN medications should be used in patients with heart failure? - correct answer
Carvediolol and Thiazide diuretics
Common side effects from ACE inhibitors - correct answer cough, angioedema
What HTN medication is contraindicated if an ACE inhibitor caused angioedema? - correct
answer ARB
What HTN medication should a heart failure pt NEVER be on? - correct answer CCB
(These cause the heart to "relax" which is not good in HF pts)
2 types of CCBs - correct answer Dihydropyridines & Non-dihydropyridines
What are dihydropyridine CCBs used for? - correct answer BP control
Example of a dihydropyridine CCB and side effects - correct answer Amlodipine
Bradycardic side effects, peripheral edema, constipation
What are non-dihydropyridine CCBs used for? - correct answer arrhythmias
Example of a non-dihydropyridine CCB and side effects - correct answer cardizem
Tachycardic side effects/palpitations - these meds were peripherally and have a rebound
tachycardia
The atria (top chambers of the heart) work on which electrolytes? - correct answer K+
(potassium) and Ca (calcium)
,NR667 Chamberlain CEA week 8 exit exam
The ventricles (bottom chambers of the heart) work on which electrolytes? - correct answer Na
(sodium) and K+ (potassium)
Conditions in the atria needs medications that work on K+ or Ca such as .. - correct answer
Cardizem (CCB) or Amiodarone (potassium channel blocker)
Conditions in the ventricles needs medications that work on K+ or Na such as .. - correct answer
Amiodarone (potassium channel blocker)
What class of medications could be used for atrial and ventricular conditions? - correct answer
Beta-blockers or potassium channel blocker (Amiodarone)
What is the percentage of EF for someone with HF with reduced EF? - correct answer < 40%
What is the percentage of EF for someone with HF with preserved EF? - correct answer 40 or
greater
HF patients with reduced EF need to be on what medications? - correct answer Carvedilol, loop
diuretic, ACE, or ARB
What type of diuretics are more potent? - correct answer Loop diuretics
Which hypertensive medications are "cardio-protective"? - correct answer ACEs and ARBs
Functional classes of HF (NYHA): - correct answer
- correct answer I: No sx
II: Sx w/ moderate exertion
III: Sx w ADLs
IV: Sx at rest
What is the ASCVD risk score? - correct answer measurement of a pt's 10 yr risk of an adverse
cardiac event
What are the high-intensity statins? - correct answer Atorvastatin 40-80 mg
Rosuvastatin 20-40 mg
What happens during S1 heart sounds? - correct answer mitral valve closes and aortic valve
opens
Which structural heart condition can cause syncope or near-syncope? - correct answer Aortic
stenosis
Which structural heart condition cause a harsh, high-pitches sound that can be heard in the
neck or on the right side of the chest near the 2nd intercostal space? - correct answer Aortic
regurgitation/insufficiency
, NR667 Chamberlain CEA week 8 exit exam
Which structural heart condition is very loud and can be heard on the lower left side of the
chest? - correct answer Mitral regurgitation/insufficiency
What are the 2 most common places for a AAA? - correct answer infra-renal and ascending
aorta
Which aortic aneurysm requires surgery right away? - correct answer Stanford A (ascending)
Which aortic aneurysm is often treated medically or with a possible graft (but does not often
need surgery)? - correct answer Stanford B (descending)
What is a medical intervention that should be done for a patient with a Stanford B aneurysm? -
correct answer Keep BP low
What class medication should NEVER be given to a patient with an aneurysm or any sort of
connective tissue disorder? - correct answer flouroquinolones (end in "floxicin")
What are the 4 fat-soluble vitamins? (stay in the body for a long time) - correct answer ADEK
What percentage of pulmonary emboli or DVTs are provoked? - correct answer 70%
How long should a patient with a provoked PE or DVT be treated with an anticoagulant? -
correct answer at least 3 months
How long should a patient with a non-provoked PE or DVT be treated with an anticoagulant? -
correct answer at least 3 months, but could be lifelong if any recurrence
What is the Virchow's triad? - correct answer 3 broad categories of factors that are thought to
contribute to thrombosis
What are things that could contribute to a provoked PE or DVT? - correct answer Anesthesia,
immobility, pregnancy, hypercoagulable state, DVT, cancer, hormone replacement
What are the 3 things that make up the Virchow's triad? - correct answer Venous stasis
Hypercoagulability
Endothelial injury
What testing should be done first to look for peripheral artery disease? - correct answer ankle-
brachial index (BP will be lower on the ankles vs arms)
What test will confirm a diagnosis of PAD? - correct answer angiography
Symptoms of PAD - correct answer pale, waxy, hairless legs
pain with ambulation that improves with cessation of ambulation
Treatment for PAD - correct answer stents of bypass of vessels
Blood Flow - correct answer Lungs ® Pulmonary Veins ® Left Atrium ® Aorta ® Body Tissues ®
Vena Cava ® Right Atrium ® Right Ventricle ® Pulmonary Arteries ® Lungs
Symptoms with right vs left side heart blockage - correct answer · Blockage on the left side of
the heart backs up and causes lung symptoms
· Blockage on the right side of the heart backs up and causes body symptoms (peripheral
edema)
HNC8 HTN Guidelines - correct answer Defined as 140/90
Treatment algorithm:
Less than 60 years old - 140/90
> 60 years old - Defined as 150/90 (more leniency b/c we do not want to drop their BP too low)
What hypertension medication should someone with DM and/or CKD be on? - correct answer
ACE or ARB (protects kidneys)
What HTN medication should an African American pt be on? - correct answer CCB
What HTN medications should be used in patients with heart failure? - correct answer
Carvediolol and Thiazide diuretics
Common side effects from ACE inhibitors - correct answer cough, angioedema
What HTN medication is contraindicated if an ACE inhibitor caused angioedema? - correct
answer ARB
What HTN medication should a heart failure pt NEVER be on? - correct answer CCB
(These cause the heart to "relax" which is not good in HF pts)
2 types of CCBs - correct answer Dihydropyridines & Non-dihydropyridines
What are dihydropyridine CCBs used for? - correct answer BP control
Example of a dihydropyridine CCB and side effects - correct answer Amlodipine
Bradycardic side effects, peripheral edema, constipation
What are non-dihydropyridine CCBs used for? - correct answer arrhythmias
Example of a non-dihydropyridine CCB and side effects - correct answer cardizem
Tachycardic side effects/palpitations - these meds were peripherally and have a rebound
tachycardia
The atria (top chambers of the heart) work on which electrolytes? - correct answer K+
(potassium) and Ca (calcium)
,NR667 Chamberlain CEA week 8 exit exam
The ventricles (bottom chambers of the heart) work on which electrolytes? - correct answer Na
(sodium) and K+ (potassium)
Conditions in the atria needs medications that work on K+ or Ca such as .. - correct answer
Cardizem (CCB) or Amiodarone (potassium channel blocker)
Conditions in the ventricles needs medications that work on K+ or Na such as .. - correct answer
Amiodarone (potassium channel blocker)
What class of medications could be used for atrial and ventricular conditions? - correct answer
Beta-blockers or potassium channel blocker (Amiodarone)
What is the percentage of EF for someone with HF with reduced EF? - correct answer < 40%
What is the percentage of EF for someone with HF with preserved EF? - correct answer 40 or
greater
HF patients with reduced EF need to be on what medications? - correct answer Carvedilol, loop
diuretic, ACE, or ARB
What type of diuretics are more potent? - correct answer Loop diuretics
Which hypertensive medications are "cardio-protective"? - correct answer ACEs and ARBs
Functional classes of HF (NYHA): - correct answer
- correct answer I: No sx
II: Sx w/ moderate exertion
III: Sx w ADLs
IV: Sx at rest
What is the ASCVD risk score? - correct answer measurement of a pt's 10 yr risk of an adverse
cardiac event
What are the high-intensity statins? - correct answer Atorvastatin 40-80 mg
Rosuvastatin 20-40 mg
What happens during S1 heart sounds? - correct answer mitral valve closes and aortic valve
opens
Which structural heart condition can cause syncope or near-syncope? - correct answer Aortic
stenosis
Which structural heart condition cause a harsh, high-pitches sound that can be heard in the
neck or on the right side of the chest near the 2nd intercostal space? - correct answer Aortic
regurgitation/insufficiency
, NR667 Chamberlain CEA week 8 exit exam
Which structural heart condition is very loud and can be heard on the lower left side of the
chest? - correct answer Mitral regurgitation/insufficiency
What are the 2 most common places for a AAA? - correct answer infra-renal and ascending
aorta
Which aortic aneurysm requires surgery right away? - correct answer Stanford A (ascending)
Which aortic aneurysm is often treated medically or with a possible graft (but does not often
need surgery)? - correct answer Stanford B (descending)
What is a medical intervention that should be done for a patient with a Stanford B aneurysm? -
correct answer Keep BP low
What class medication should NEVER be given to a patient with an aneurysm or any sort of
connective tissue disorder? - correct answer flouroquinolones (end in "floxicin")
What are the 4 fat-soluble vitamins? (stay in the body for a long time) - correct answer ADEK
What percentage of pulmonary emboli or DVTs are provoked? - correct answer 70%
How long should a patient with a provoked PE or DVT be treated with an anticoagulant? -
correct answer at least 3 months
How long should a patient with a non-provoked PE or DVT be treated with an anticoagulant? -
correct answer at least 3 months, but could be lifelong if any recurrence
What is the Virchow's triad? - correct answer 3 broad categories of factors that are thought to
contribute to thrombosis
What are things that could contribute to a provoked PE or DVT? - correct answer Anesthesia,
immobility, pregnancy, hypercoagulable state, DVT, cancer, hormone replacement
What are the 3 things that make up the Virchow's triad? - correct answer Venous stasis
Hypercoagulability
Endothelial injury
What testing should be done first to look for peripheral artery disease? - correct answer ankle-
brachial index (BP will be lower on the ankles vs arms)
What test will confirm a diagnosis of PAD? - correct answer angiography
Symptoms of PAD - correct answer pale, waxy, hairless legs
pain with ambulation that improves with cessation of ambulation
Treatment for PAD - correct answer stents of bypass of vessels
