288 Psychology Praxis Exam Study
Guide Questions
Cognitive psychology/ basic information processing - ✔ ✔ 1.
selective attention: person pays attention to a stimulus
2. encoding: information into short-term memory
3. storage: information coded and starred into long-term memory
4. output: information is retrieved or decoded from memory.
expression
primacy memory effect - ✔ ✔ remembering the fist piece of
information you hear
recency effect - ✔ ✔ remembering the last piece of information you
hear
PARC vs commonwealth of PA - ✔ ✔ Court case in 1971: Using the
Brown decision, attorneys argued that having undertaken a free public
education for the children of Pennsylvania, the state could not deny
children with intellectual disabilities the same. Federal district courts
ruled in favor of plaintiffs: All children between ages 6 and 21 must be
provided free public education. The court indicated that children with
intellectual disabilities are to be educated in programs most like those
for their peers without disabilities.
Lau v. Nichols - ✔ ✔ court case that required schools to provide
resources for non-English speaking students, this prevented schools
,from ignoring or denying the needs of these students. sig: this is the
first law that fought for the rights of non-English speaking students
Board of Education of the Hendrick Hudson Central School District v.
Rowley - ✔ ✔ did not require that the special instruction and
supportive services provided under the law by state governments to
disabled students be designed to help them achieve their full potential
as learners. Instead, it was sufficient that the instruction and services
be such as "to permit the child to benefit educationally from that
instruction."
Oberti v. Clementon - ✔ ✔ he Law Center's 1993 case, Oberti v.
Board of Education, established inclusion with supplementary aids and
services as the presumption because it is "a fundamental value of the
right to public education for children with disabilities."
This case established that if placement outside the classroom is
necessary, the school district must then include the child in as many
school programs with children who do not have disabilities "to the
maximum extent appropriate."
Newport-Mesa Unified School District v. State of California Department
of Education - ✔ ✔ The right for parents to obtain copies of test
protocols after ESE students have been evaluated. FERPA indicates that
the non-commercial use of the test protocols to understand their
student's performance does not fall under copyright law.
BASIC Ph Model - ✔ ✔ 6 individual coping styles
created by Dr. Mooli
,1. belief
2. affect: shares emotions
3. social
4. imagination
5. cognitive
6. physiological
Epstein's parental involvement model - ✔ ✔ 1. parenting
2. communicating
3. volunteering
4. learning at home
5. decision making
5. collaborating with community
Barriers to collaboration - ✔ ✔ 1. lack of trust for large systems
2. difference cultural values about education
3. perceived lack of acceptance of cultural values
4. school's attitudes about culture and parents
5. lack of qualified staff and interpreters
one-way anova - ✔ ✔ This type of ANOVA simply tests whether the
means on one outcome or dependent variable are significantly
different across groups.
, multi-way anova - ✔ ✔ Includes all treatment level combos,
populations normally distributed with equal variance
2 or more iv and dv
mixed factorial anova - ✔ ✔ effect of 1 or more iv
each iv may have 2 or more levels on dv or 2 or more points in time
multivariate anova - ✔ ✔ examines differences among groups with
multiple outcomes
aka MANOVA
stated educational agency screen - ✔ ✔ formal group-administered
tests that are given every year to measure growth in reading, writing,
and math
some used alternatives to state-created test i.e. Iowa test of basic skills
STEEP - ✔ ✔ system to enhance educational performance conduct
CBMs in reading, math, and writing several times year to identify
students in need of additional support
RIT - ✔ ✔ if a student does not make progress in 30-60 days school
must consider special education 4-8 weeks
Two levels of collecting progress-monitoring data - ✔ ✔ 1. Sub-skill
master measurement (SMM): information on student progress is
collected to determine whether the specific intervention for target
behavior is effective.
Guide Questions
Cognitive psychology/ basic information processing - ✔ ✔ 1.
selective attention: person pays attention to a stimulus
2. encoding: information into short-term memory
3. storage: information coded and starred into long-term memory
4. output: information is retrieved or decoded from memory.
expression
primacy memory effect - ✔ ✔ remembering the fist piece of
information you hear
recency effect - ✔ ✔ remembering the last piece of information you
hear
PARC vs commonwealth of PA - ✔ ✔ Court case in 1971: Using the
Brown decision, attorneys argued that having undertaken a free public
education for the children of Pennsylvania, the state could not deny
children with intellectual disabilities the same. Federal district courts
ruled in favor of plaintiffs: All children between ages 6 and 21 must be
provided free public education. The court indicated that children with
intellectual disabilities are to be educated in programs most like those
for their peers without disabilities.
Lau v. Nichols - ✔ ✔ court case that required schools to provide
resources for non-English speaking students, this prevented schools
,from ignoring or denying the needs of these students. sig: this is the
first law that fought for the rights of non-English speaking students
Board of Education of the Hendrick Hudson Central School District v.
Rowley - ✔ ✔ did not require that the special instruction and
supportive services provided under the law by state governments to
disabled students be designed to help them achieve their full potential
as learners. Instead, it was sufficient that the instruction and services
be such as "to permit the child to benefit educationally from that
instruction."
Oberti v. Clementon - ✔ ✔ he Law Center's 1993 case, Oberti v.
Board of Education, established inclusion with supplementary aids and
services as the presumption because it is "a fundamental value of the
right to public education for children with disabilities."
This case established that if placement outside the classroom is
necessary, the school district must then include the child in as many
school programs with children who do not have disabilities "to the
maximum extent appropriate."
Newport-Mesa Unified School District v. State of California Department
of Education - ✔ ✔ The right for parents to obtain copies of test
protocols after ESE students have been evaluated. FERPA indicates that
the non-commercial use of the test protocols to understand their
student's performance does not fall under copyright law.
BASIC Ph Model - ✔ ✔ 6 individual coping styles
created by Dr. Mooli
,1. belief
2. affect: shares emotions
3. social
4. imagination
5. cognitive
6. physiological
Epstein's parental involvement model - ✔ ✔ 1. parenting
2. communicating
3. volunteering
4. learning at home
5. decision making
5. collaborating with community
Barriers to collaboration - ✔ ✔ 1. lack of trust for large systems
2. difference cultural values about education
3. perceived lack of acceptance of cultural values
4. school's attitudes about culture and parents
5. lack of qualified staff and interpreters
one-way anova - ✔ ✔ This type of ANOVA simply tests whether the
means on one outcome or dependent variable are significantly
different across groups.
, multi-way anova - ✔ ✔ Includes all treatment level combos,
populations normally distributed with equal variance
2 or more iv and dv
mixed factorial anova - ✔ ✔ effect of 1 or more iv
each iv may have 2 or more levels on dv or 2 or more points in time
multivariate anova - ✔ ✔ examines differences among groups with
multiple outcomes
aka MANOVA
stated educational agency screen - ✔ ✔ formal group-administered
tests that are given every year to measure growth in reading, writing,
and math
some used alternatives to state-created test i.e. Iowa test of basic skills
STEEP - ✔ ✔ system to enhance educational performance conduct
CBMs in reading, math, and writing several times year to identify
students in need of additional support
RIT - ✔ ✔ if a student does not make progress in 30-60 days school
must consider special education 4-8 weeks
Two levels of collecting progress-monitoring data - ✔ ✔ 1. Sub-skill
master measurement (SMM): information on student progress is
collected to determine whether the specific intervention for target
behavior is effective.
