Chapter 14 Medical Overview Questions & Answers

Chapter 14 Medical Overview Questions & Answers Differentiate between medical emergencies and trauma emergencies, remembering that some patients may have both. (p 561) Trauma Emergencies: injuries resulting from physical forces applied to the body Medical Emergencies: involve illnesses or conditions caused by disease Name the various categories of common medical emergencies and give examples. (p 561) Respiratory: Asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis Cardiovascular: Heart attack, congestive heart failure Neurologic: seizure, stroke, syncope Gastrointestinal: appendicitis, diverticulitis, pancreatitis Urologic: kidney stones Endocrine: diabetes mellitus Hematologic: Sickle cell disease, hemophilia Immunologic: anaphylactic reaction Toxicologic: substance abuse, food, plant, or chemical poisoning Psychiatric: Alzheimer disease, schizophrenia, depression Gynecologic: Vaginal bleeding, STI, Describe the evaluation of the nature of illness (NOI). (p 562) Medical patient assessment focuses on: The Nature of Illness (NOI) Symptoms The patient's chief complaint Discuss the assessment of a patient with a medical emergency. (pp 562-566) Rapid examination visual clues include: Apparent unconsciousness, obvious severe bleeding, extreme difficulty breathing. Use AVPU scale to determine patient's level of consciousness In conscious patients ensure the airway is open and they are breathing adequately Explain the importance of transport time and destination selection for a medical patient. (p 567) Patients who are in need of rapid transport include: PTs who are unconscious or who have altered mental status, PTs with airway or breathing problems, PTs with obvious circulation problems such as severe bleeding or signs of shock Define infectious disease and communicable disease. (p 569) Epidemic: occurs when a new case of a disease in a human population exceed the number expected Pandemic: outbreak on a global scale Discuss diseases of special concern and their routes of transmission, including influenza, herpes simplex, HIV/ AIDS, hepatitis, meningitis, tuberculosis, whooping cough, MRSA, MERS-CoV, and Ebola. (pp 569-575) Influenza (Flu): wear PPE, maintain vaccinations Herpes Simplex: can cause more serious illnesses like pneumonia and meningitis HIV infection: attacks the body's immune system and can develop into aids, Hepatitis: inflammation of the liver Meningitis: inflammation of the brain and spinal cord Tuberculosis: infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria that affects the lungs. Whooping cough: highly contagious respiratory tract infection MRSA: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection