PHARM 100 PCP Final UPDATED
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Pharmacokinetics - CORRECT ANSWER - what the body does to the drug
Pharmadynamics - CORRECT ANSWER - what the drug does to the body
4 major sources of medications - CORRECT ANSWER - ADME
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion
Absorption - CORRECT ANSWER - the rate of absorption determines the onset of action,
extend of absorption determines the intensity.
Distribuition - CORRECT ANSWER - As a drug passes through the body, its form and its
concentration in the tissues influences the effect it will have.
Metabolism - CORRECT ANSWER - Changes a drug into forms that can be used by the
body or which can be readily excreted (or both).
Excretion - CORRECT ANSWER - sites include kidneys (main site of elimination), GI
tract, perspiration, respiration.
What is the difference between a bound drug and a free drug? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Drugs are bound in variable degrees to proteins or become stored in fatty tissues: bound drugs.
Only those drug particles that are not bound can be active in the cells: free drugs.
,A medication is called an antagonist if - CORRECT ANSWER - it has a higher affinity for
the receptor site than the chemical mediator.
What is circulatory overload? - CORRECT ANSWER - An effect of increased fluid
volume which can lead to heart failure and pulmonary edema as a result of infusing too much IV
fluid or too rapidly
what do you do in a situation of circulatory overload - CORRECT ANSWER - Slow the
IV infusion, raise the patient into a high fowler's position (sitting) and administer O2.
rate of absorption and distribution into the central circulation for an intraosseous (IO) infusion is
similar to the rate of absorption and distribution of: - CORRECT ANSWER - intravenous
injection
what are the indications an IV has gone interstitial (infiltration)? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Reduced rate of flow (an early sign); pain at the site; swelling of the subcutaneous tissues; skin
becomes cold.
Infiltration (interstitial) - CORRECT ANSWER - Is the escape of fluid into the
subcutaneous tissue due to dislodgement of the needle.
what do you do if an IV has gone interstitial? - CORRECT ANSWER - discontinue
infusion, apply packs cold/warm, reestablish IV at another site, notify physician, document
phlebitis - CORRECT ANSWER - inflammation of a vein
Phlebitis signs and symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER - Burning pain along the vein;
edema; redness; increased skin temperature over the course of the vein.
phlebitis treatment - CORRECT ANSWER - Discontinue IV,
Warm compress, notify physician, document
, thrombophlebitis - CORRECT ANSWER - inflammation of a vein associated with a clot
formation
thrombophlebitis s/s - CORRECT ANSWER - Pain; erythema; swelling; a palpable cord
along the course of the cannulated vein.
thrombophlebitis treatment - CORRECT ANSWER - discontinue IV, notify physician,
warm packs, document
Circulatory Overload S/S - CORRECT ANSWER - discomfort, rapid pulse, venous
distention, increased B/P, coughing, shortness of breath ,increased respiration, syncope(loss of
consciousness & muscle tone) , shock, pulmonary edema - dyspnea, cough, cyanosis
circulatory overload treatment - CORRECT ANSWER - slow IV at TKO rate (keep open),
give O2, pt at sitting position, notify physician, document
Air embolism and catheter embolus - CORRECT ANSWER - Air embolism occurs when
air enters the circulatory system. Causes include: patient movement, occur with the insertion of
an IV catheter, during manipulation of the catheter or catheter site when the device is removed,
or when IV lines associated with the catheter are disconnected
Catheter embolism is when the tip of the catheter is sheared off; it may potentially embolize and
travel proximal in the circulation. This is caused by poor technique during the insertion of the IV,
when the needle is withdrawn from the catheter and then reinserted.
air embolism and catheter embolus s/s - CORRECT ANSWER - Shock; chest pain,
cyanosis; tachycardia; respiratory distress, rapid loss of consciousness.
air embolism and catheter embolus treatment - CORRECT ANSWER - close adjustment
valve, clamp tubing close to infusion site, lay pt on their left side w/ head down, O2, initiate 2nd
IV, contact physician, document
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Pharmacokinetics - CORRECT ANSWER - what the body does to the drug
Pharmadynamics - CORRECT ANSWER - what the drug does to the body
4 major sources of medications - CORRECT ANSWER - ADME
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion
Absorption - CORRECT ANSWER - the rate of absorption determines the onset of action,
extend of absorption determines the intensity.
Distribuition - CORRECT ANSWER - As a drug passes through the body, its form and its
concentration in the tissues influences the effect it will have.
Metabolism - CORRECT ANSWER - Changes a drug into forms that can be used by the
body or which can be readily excreted (or both).
Excretion - CORRECT ANSWER - sites include kidneys (main site of elimination), GI
tract, perspiration, respiration.
What is the difference between a bound drug and a free drug? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Drugs are bound in variable degrees to proteins or become stored in fatty tissues: bound drugs.
Only those drug particles that are not bound can be active in the cells: free drugs.
,A medication is called an antagonist if - CORRECT ANSWER - it has a higher affinity for
the receptor site than the chemical mediator.
What is circulatory overload? - CORRECT ANSWER - An effect of increased fluid
volume which can lead to heart failure and pulmonary edema as a result of infusing too much IV
fluid or too rapidly
what do you do in a situation of circulatory overload - CORRECT ANSWER - Slow the
IV infusion, raise the patient into a high fowler's position (sitting) and administer O2.
rate of absorption and distribution into the central circulation for an intraosseous (IO) infusion is
similar to the rate of absorption and distribution of: - CORRECT ANSWER - intravenous
injection
what are the indications an IV has gone interstitial (infiltration)? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Reduced rate of flow (an early sign); pain at the site; swelling of the subcutaneous tissues; skin
becomes cold.
Infiltration (interstitial) - CORRECT ANSWER - Is the escape of fluid into the
subcutaneous tissue due to dislodgement of the needle.
what do you do if an IV has gone interstitial? - CORRECT ANSWER - discontinue
infusion, apply packs cold/warm, reestablish IV at another site, notify physician, document
phlebitis - CORRECT ANSWER - inflammation of a vein
Phlebitis signs and symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER - Burning pain along the vein;
edema; redness; increased skin temperature over the course of the vein.
phlebitis treatment - CORRECT ANSWER - Discontinue IV,
Warm compress, notify physician, document
, thrombophlebitis - CORRECT ANSWER - inflammation of a vein associated with a clot
formation
thrombophlebitis s/s - CORRECT ANSWER - Pain; erythema; swelling; a palpable cord
along the course of the cannulated vein.
thrombophlebitis treatment - CORRECT ANSWER - discontinue IV, notify physician,
warm packs, document
Circulatory Overload S/S - CORRECT ANSWER - discomfort, rapid pulse, venous
distention, increased B/P, coughing, shortness of breath ,increased respiration, syncope(loss of
consciousness & muscle tone) , shock, pulmonary edema - dyspnea, cough, cyanosis
circulatory overload treatment - CORRECT ANSWER - slow IV at TKO rate (keep open),
give O2, pt at sitting position, notify physician, document
Air embolism and catheter embolus - CORRECT ANSWER - Air embolism occurs when
air enters the circulatory system. Causes include: patient movement, occur with the insertion of
an IV catheter, during manipulation of the catheter or catheter site when the device is removed,
or when IV lines associated with the catheter are disconnected
Catheter embolism is when the tip of the catheter is sheared off; it may potentially embolize and
travel proximal in the circulation. This is caused by poor technique during the insertion of the IV,
when the needle is withdrawn from the catheter and then reinserted.
air embolism and catheter embolus s/s - CORRECT ANSWER - Shock; chest pain,
cyanosis; tachycardia; respiratory distress, rapid loss of consciousness.
air embolism and catheter embolus treatment - CORRECT ANSWER - close adjustment
valve, clamp tubing close to infusion site, lay pt on their left side w/ head down, O2, initiate 2nd
IV, contact physician, document
