PHAR 100- Module 4 ACTUAL Questions
and CORRECT Answers
drugs to treat infections - CORRECT ANSWER - - selective toxicity (drugs to harm the
invading organism without harming to host)
Types of infections - CORRECT ANSWER - fungal, bacterial
2 common Classes of antifungals - CORRECT ANSWER - amphotericin B, imidozoles
Amphotericin B - CORRECT ANSWER - - drug of choice for severe fungal infections
- binds to a steroid on the outer membrane on the fungi (called ergosterol), thats not present in
mammalian cells
- this causes pores to form in the membrane of the fungi, and causes leakage in the fungi so it
will die
- amphtericin B is poorly absorbed by the GI tract, so it has to be administered intravenously
- adverse effects: kidney damage is the major one
imidozoles - CORRECT ANSWER - - also known as azoles
- effect when taken orally
- they stop a fungal p450 enzyme, which stops the ergosterol synthesis
- selective toxicity: the drug is more drawn to fungal p450 than human p450s (that are involved
in metabolism)
viruses - CORRECT ANSWER - - a small, infectious agent that can only multiply within
the living cell of other organisms (like plants, animals, bacteria)
- viruses can be deadly and thats why more effective antiviral drugs are needed
types of antivirals - CORRECT ANSWER - drugs for influenza
, - amantidine
- olseltamivir (tamiflu)
drugs for HSV and VZV (herpes and another virus)
- acyclovir
Drugs for Influenza: amantidine - CORRECT ANSWER - - this drug inhibits the uncaring
of viral DNA within the affected cells
- this stops the virus from replicating
Drugs for Influenza: oseltamivir (tamiflu) - CORRECT ANSWER - - tamiflu is a
neuraminidase inhibitor (meaning its stops and enzyme that allows the spread of a virus from one
cell to another)
- this prevents other neighbouring cells from being infected with the virus
drugs for HSV and VZV: acyclovir - CORRECT ANSWER - - a drug taken into the
infected cells, and the virus activates the acyclovir into its active form
- the acyclovir inhibits viral DNA replication
- selective toxicity: its selective for cells that are infected with the virus
- drug of choice for serious infections caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV)
- also useful in fighting infections form VZV (causes chicken pox and shingles)
what is an antibiotic - CORRECT ANSWER - stops the growth of bacteria (and can
eventually destroy them)
- stop bacterial infections
2 ways to stop bacterial infections - CORRECT ANSWER - bacteriostatic effects: inhibits
growth+reproduction of bacterial
bactericidal effects: directly kills bacteria
structure of bacterial cells - CORRECT ANSWER - CELL WALL:
and CORRECT Answers
drugs to treat infections - CORRECT ANSWER - - selective toxicity (drugs to harm the
invading organism without harming to host)
Types of infections - CORRECT ANSWER - fungal, bacterial
2 common Classes of antifungals - CORRECT ANSWER - amphotericin B, imidozoles
Amphotericin B - CORRECT ANSWER - - drug of choice for severe fungal infections
- binds to a steroid on the outer membrane on the fungi (called ergosterol), thats not present in
mammalian cells
- this causes pores to form in the membrane of the fungi, and causes leakage in the fungi so it
will die
- amphtericin B is poorly absorbed by the GI tract, so it has to be administered intravenously
- adverse effects: kidney damage is the major one
imidozoles - CORRECT ANSWER - - also known as azoles
- effect when taken orally
- they stop a fungal p450 enzyme, which stops the ergosterol synthesis
- selective toxicity: the drug is more drawn to fungal p450 than human p450s (that are involved
in metabolism)
viruses - CORRECT ANSWER - - a small, infectious agent that can only multiply within
the living cell of other organisms (like plants, animals, bacteria)
- viruses can be deadly and thats why more effective antiviral drugs are needed
types of antivirals - CORRECT ANSWER - drugs for influenza
, - amantidine
- olseltamivir (tamiflu)
drugs for HSV and VZV (herpes and another virus)
- acyclovir
Drugs for Influenza: amantidine - CORRECT ANSWER - - this drug inhibits the uncaring
of viral DNA within the affected cells
- this stops the virus from replicating
Drugs for Influenza: oseltamivir (tamiflu) - CORRECT ANSWER - - tamiflu is a
neuraminidase inhibitor (meaning its stops and enzyme that allows the spread of a virus from one
cell to another)
- this prevents other neighbouring cells from being infected with the virus
drugs for HSV and VZV: acyclovir - CORRECT ANSWER - - a drug taken into the
infected cells, and the virus activates the acyclovir into its active form
- the acyclovir inhibits viral DNA replication
- selective toxicity: its selective for cells that are infected with the virus
- drug of choice for serious infections caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV)
- also useful in fighting infections form VZV (causes chicken pox and shingles)
what is an antibiotic - CORRECT ANSWER - stops the growth of bacteria (and can
eventually destroy them)
- stop bacterial infections
2 ways to stop bacterial infections - CORRECT ANSWER - bacteriostatic effects: inhibits
growth+reproduction of bacterial
bactericidal effects: directly kills bacteria
structure of bacterial cells - CORRECT ANSWER - CELL WALL:
